Common names from other countries
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກອ່ອນ (ເຊັ່ນ: ປາສະຫລາມ, ປາຜາໄລ) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Urotrygonidae (American round stingrays)
Etymology: Urobatis: Greek,oura = tail + Greek, batis, batidos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ກ່ຽວກັນຫີນ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 1 - 25 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 37°N - 7°N, 100°W - 59°W (Ref. 55316)
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA to northern South America. Also in Bahamas, Yucatan and throughout Caribbean (Ref. 26938).
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 9710)
Edge of disk no sharp angles, no dorsal fin. Well-developed caudal fin extends around tip of tail, doubly serrate spine near caudal fin base (Ref. 26938). Disk yellowish, with dark vermiculations and spots that form a variety of patterns on upper surface (Ref. 7251). Lower surface is yellowish, greenish or brownish white, tail with dark spots (Ref.6902).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Commonly found along sandy beaches to the water's edge, and especially in sandy areas in and around coral reefs (Ref. 7251). Raises front end of disc to attract prey seeking shelter (Ref. 7251). Feeds on shrimps, probably also on small fishes, clams, and worms (Ref. 12951). Known to be capable of inflicting dangerous wounds with its venomous spine. Easily approached (Ref. 9710). A live-bearing species, produces 3 to 4 young (Ref. 26938).
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Male grasps disc margin of female, swings under her and inserts a clasper. Mating pair is surrounded by other males that swim around and nudge them. Dugger (1987) (Ref. 51118) observed both male and female biting the pectoral fin of its mate (Ref. 49562).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Venomous
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ຕູ້ປາ: ບ່ອນວາງສະແດງສັນນ້ຳຂອງລັດ
ເຄື່ອງມື
Special reports
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
123201): 25.8 - 28.1, mean 27.3 °C (based on 482 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00559 - 0.01961), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
69278): 3.6 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
120179): ຕຳ່ຫຼາຍ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າຫຼາຍກວ່າ 14 ປີ (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.17 [0.77, 112.55] mg/100g; Iron = 0.376 [0.030, 3.868] mg/100g; Protein = 20.4 [15.0, 25.6] %; Omega3 = 0.069 [0.021, 0.205] g/100g; Selenium = 24.1 [4.1, 110.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 47.1 [3.2, 591.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.963 [0.062, 10.956] mg/100g (wet weight);
