分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 90 - 220 m (Ref. 5222). 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 16°S, 19°W - 37°E (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean to southern Angola.
東大西洋: 地中海到安哥拉南部。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 125 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 111103); 最大體重: 25.0 kg (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 14-15; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: dark brown head and body color; soft dorsal, caudal and anal fins blackish distally, basal part lighter; white edge on caudal and pectoral fins; blackish pelvic fins; black streak on cheek at the upper edge of maxilla; depth of body contained 2.4-2.8 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.4 times in SL; convex interorbital area; subangular preopercle, with enlarged serrae at the angle, lower edge with 1-6 small serrae; posterior nostrils 2-3 times larger than anterior nostrils; maxilla naked, not reaching posterior to eye; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw, inner teeth distinctly larger than outer teeth (Ref. 89707).
Deep-water species. Occurs on mud, sand, or rocky bottoms (Ref. 89707).
生活於泥，沙子否則岩石底部。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 地中海到安哥拉南部。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 17 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
更多資訊
俗名同種異名新陳代謝捕食者生態毒物學繁殖成熟度產卵場產卵群集孕卵數卵卵發育
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.2 - 17.1, mean 15.6 °C (based on 37 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00653 - 0.02018), b=3.05 (2.91 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
