分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Amblyraja: Greek, amblys = darkness + Latin, raja, -ae = ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 92 - 2925 m (Ref. 119696), usually 300 - 2300 m (Ref. 9261). 深水域; -1°C - 4°C (Ref. 119696); 82°N - 50°S, 180°W - 180°E
Arctic, Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans: in cold and deep waters.
東北大西洋: 斯匹次卑爾根群島到格陵蘭-冰島-法蘭群島- 雪特蘭群島海脊到挪威北部。 西北大西洋: 在格陵蘭西南方與加拿大之間的戴維斯海峽。 東南大西洋: 南非的最南端.(參考文獻 6871) 東印度洋: 外海的澳洲南部.(參考文獻 6871) 西南太平洋: 紐西蘭.(參考文獻 6871) 東太平洋: 哥斯大黎加，巴拿馬，哥倫比亞與厄瓜多.(參考文獻 6871)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 94 - ? cm
Max length : 112 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 114953); 100.0 cm TL (female)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
Grey-brown with large dark blotches (Ref. 26346). Tail very short (Ref. 26346). Mid-dorsal row of stout thorns which extend from nuchal region to first dorsal fin. Thorns close posterior to the pelvic girdle larger than along the tail (Ref. 6902). Upper surface dark mouse gray, dark blue gray or dark brown with small rounded spots. Lower surface white and sooty in variable patterns (Ref. 6902).
灰褐色有大的黑色斑块.(参考文献 26346) 尾部非常短的.(参考文献 26346) 从颈背的区域到第一背鳍延伸的背部中央的矮棘列。 刺前面靠近腰带大于沿着尾部.(参考文献 6902) 上表皮深鼠灰色的，深蓝灰色或深褐色的有小圆形的斑点。 下表面白色与乌黑的形成可变的样式.(参考文献 6902)
Found on the lower continental slope (Ref. 6871), probably most common on deep slopes and at abyssal depths (Ref. 114953). Benthic (Ref. 58426); meso- to bathybenthic, on muddy substrate (Ref. 119696). Adults feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Prefer polar temperatures from hatching to maturity and eggs are incubated successfully and regularly in water as cold as 0°C (Ref. 6902). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsule measures 81-125 mm long and 50-80 mm wide (Ref. 41251). Hatching size at 16-18 cm TL (Ref. 114953) (15 cm long in Ref. 119696).
栖息于下面的大陆斜坡了。 (参考文献 6871) 捕食各种的底部动物。 (参考文献 3167) 从孵化对成熟偏爱两极的温度，而且卵在水冷到 0 °C 中被成功地而且经常地孵化。 (参考文献 6902) 卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘有 81-125 mm 长与 50-80 mm 宽的长。 (参考文献 41251)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).東北大西洋: 斯匹次卑爾根群島到格陵蘭-冰島-法蘭群島- 雪特蘭群島海脊到挪威北部。 西北大西洋: 在格陵蘭西南方與加拿大之間的戴維斯海峽。 東南大西洋: 南非的最南端.(參考文獻 6871) 東印度洋: 外海的澳洲南部.(參考文獻 6871) 西南太平洋: 紐西蘭.(參考文獻 6871) 東太平洋: 哥斯大黎加，巴拿馬，哥倫比亞與厄瓜多.(參考文獻 6871)
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.3 - 8.8, mean 3.3 °C (based on 3242 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 3.31 [0.50, 67.94] mg/100g; Iron = 0.302 [0.029, 4.121] mg/100g; Protein = 15.3 [13.3, 17.3] %; Omega3 = 0.494 [0.199, 1.207] g/100g; Selenium = 20.6 [3.6, 97.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.37 [0.45, 85.10] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.206 [0.013, 2.410] mg/100g (wet weight);
