分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋. 熱帶
Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania (Ref. 5377) to Angola (Ref. 3166). Reported from Brazil (Ref. 53435).
東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞 (參考文獻 5377) 到安哥拉.(參考文獻 3166) 記錄來自巴西了。 (參考文獻 53435)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 133 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4442)
Found in- and offshore areas (Ref. 106604). Usually small, although it attains a maximum length of 200 cm. Lives in groups and swims either close to the bottom or at the surface. The cephalic horns serve as a funnel to bring food near the mouth. Its behavior is rather sluggish at the surface; however, they can swim rapidly and make impressive leaps out of the water. They are actually inoffensive when they are not disturbed or are not wounded. Feeds on small fish and plankton (Ref. 5377). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 4442).
通常小的, 雖然它達到 200 公分的最大長度。 群居而且游泳或接近底部或在水表面。 頭部的觸角當作一個漏斗使用帶進食物河口附近。 它的行為是相當緩動性在水表面; 然而，他們能快速地游泳而且製造令人印象深刻從水中跳出來。 當他們不是的時候，他們實際上無攻擊性擾亂的或者不是受傷的。 吃小魚與浮游生物。 (參考文獻 5377) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 4442)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞 (參考文獻 5377) 到安哥拉.(參考文獻 3166) 記錄來自巴西了。 (參考文獻 53435)
McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret, 1990. Mobulidae. p. 73-76. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4442)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.64 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
