分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
真鯊目 (Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); falciformis: falx (L.), scythe or sickle; forma (L.), shape or form, referring to sickle-like shape of pectoral fins [authorship often attributed to Müller & Henle, who published Bibron’s description]. (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 4000 m (Ref. 55180), usually 0 - 500 m (Ref. 6871). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 43°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55180)
Circumtropical. Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea to Uruguay (Ref. 244, 58839). Eastern Atlantic: Spain, Madeira to northern Angola; St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121); Cape Verde (Ref. 34514). Indo-Pacific: scattered records from the Red Sea and Natal, South Africa (Ref. 5578) to China, New Zealand, and the Caroline, Hawaiian, Phoenix and Line islands. Eastern Pacific: southern Baja California, Mexico to northern Chile. Highly migratory species.
Circumtropical。 西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州到巴西南部, 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海到烏拉圭.(參考文獻 58839) 東大西洋: 西班牙, 馬得拉群島到安哥拉北部; 聖保羅岩礁;(參考文獻 13121) 維德角.(參考文獻 34514) 印度-太平洋: 分散的來自紅海與南非的納塔爾 (參考文獻 5578) 的紀錄到中國，紐西蘭, 與加羅林群島，夏威夷語，鳳凰島與列島群島。 東太平洋: 墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部到智利北部。 高度遷移的種, 1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 219.1, range 180 - 260 cm
Max length : 350 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9997); common length : 250 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9997); 最大體重: 346.0 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 25 年 (Ref. 31395)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 0. A large, slim shark with a moderately long, flat and rounded snout, large eyes, small jaws, and oblique-cusped teeth with serrations; 2nd dorsal fin low and with greatly elongated rear tip (Ref. 5578). Grey or bluish-grey above, white below; no conspicuous fin markings (Ref. 5578). Only Carcharhinus species with an interdorsal ridge that has the dorsal fin origin behind the free rear tip of the pectoral fin (Ref. 26938).
大, 瘦的鯊魚有中等長度, 平坦的而且圓的吻又大的眼，小的顎, 與斜尖的牙齒有鋸齒; 第二背鰭鰭低的而且有極細長的後頂端.(參考文獻 5578) 背面灰色或藍灰色的, 腹面白色的; 沒有顯著的鰭斑紋.(參考文獻 5578) 只有 Carcharhinus 種有一個有背鰭起點在後面胸鰭的鰭游離後端的間背脊。 (參考文獻 26938)
Found abundantly near the edge of continental and insular shelves, but also in the open sea and occasionally inshore (Ref. 244). Often found in deepwater reefs and near insular slopes (Ref. 244). Littoral and epipelagic, in the open sea or near the bottom at 18-500 m (Ref. 58302). It is quick-moving and aggressive (Ref. 244). Solitary (Ref. 26340); often associated with schools of tuna (Ref. 244). Feeds mainly on fishes, but also squid, paper nautiluses, and pelagic crabs (Ref. 244; 37816). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Regarded as dangerous to humans (Ref. 9997). Flesh utilized fresh and dried-salted for human consumption; its hide for leather; its fin for shark-fin soup; its liver for oil (Ref. 244). 2 to 14 young, 73 to 87 cm, are born per litter (Ref. 1602).
大量地在大陸棚和島嶼棚邊緣的附近發現, 也在開放海域中與偶然近海.(參考文獻 244) 時常發現於深水礁區與在島的斜坡附近.(參考文獻 244) 沿海地區與表層帶, 在開放海域中或在 18-500 公尺的底部附近.(參考文獻 58302) 移動快速與侵略性它是。 (參考文獻 244) 獨居性;(參考文獻 26340) 時常伴隨著鮪魚群.(參考文獻 244) 主要吃魚, 也捕食烏賊, 紙鸚鵡螺 , 與大洋性螃蟹 (參考文獻 244; 37816)。 胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 被認為.對人類具有危險性.(參考文獻 9997) 魚肉利用生鮮或乾漬供人類消費; 它的隱藏用做皮革; 它的鰭用做魚翅湯; 它的肝臟用於製造魚肝油.(參考文獻 244) 生產2 到 14 隻, 73 到 87 公分的幼魚每胎。 (參考文獻 1602)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449). 2-15 pups (Ref. 6871, 37816) born at 57-87 cm TL (Ref. 9997); 1-16 pups born at 55-72 cm TL. Females appear to breed every year, but there appears to be no reproductive seasonality (Ref. 58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).Circumtropical。 西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州到巴西南部, 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海到烏拉圭.(參考文獻 58839) 東大西洋: 西班牙, 馬得拉群島到安哥拉北部; 聖保羅岩礁;(參考文獻 13121) 維德角.(參考文獻 34514) 印度-太平洋: 分散的來自紅海與南非的納塔爾 (參考文獻 5578) 的紀錄到中國，紐西蘭, 與加羅林群島，夏威夷語，鳳凰島與列島群島。 東太平洋: 墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部到智利北部。 高度遷移的種, 1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12 - 28.9, mean 26.7 °C (based on 8170 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00378 - 0.00579), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 9.2 (7.4 - 13.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 14
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (rm=0.054; K=0.05-0.15; tm=6-10; tmax=25; Fec=2-14).
Prior r = 0.06, 95% CL = 0.04 - 0.10, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (82 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 2.41 [0.46, 12.84] mg/100g; Iron = 0.321 [0.080, 0.980] mg/100g; Protein = 22.8 [19.9, 25.0] %; Omega3 = 0.211 [0.078, 0.542] g/100g; Selenium = 34.5 [10.6, 105.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23 [7, 76] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.281 [0.138, 0.566] mg/100g (wet weight);
