分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 100 - 800 m (Ref. 6181), usually 300 - 450 m (Ref. 28786). 深水域; 25°S - 48°S, 109°E - 173°W (Ref. 6181)
Southwest Pacific: off southern, southwestern and southeastern Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand. Occurrence records from Madagascar and Japan need to be verified.
西南太平洋: 外海的南方, 澳洲東南部與西南部，塔斯梅尼亞與紐西蘭。 發生來自馬達加斯加與日本需要的紀錄被查證。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 65.0, range 60 - 70 cm
Max length : 110 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6181); 最大体重: 16.0 kg (Ref. 28838); 最大年龄: 16 年 (Ref. 28786)
背棘 (总数): 18 - 19; 背的软条 (总数): 16-19; 臀棘 2; 臀鳍软条: 13 - 16; 脊椎骨: 36. Body entirely scaled at over 25 cm SL. Lateral line branching below the 5th to the 6th spine of the first dorsal fin. The upper branch reaches beyond the origin of the second dorsal fin, usually ending between the 8th to the 12th soft ray. The lower branch runs mid laterally, undulating above the anal-fin base. Body is bluish above, silvery below, a black blotch distally on two anterior membranes of the first dorsal fin, the rest of the fin is grayish.
身体完全地在超过 25 公分 SL 覆有鳞片的。 侧线在第 5个到第一背鳍的第 6 棘下分枝。 上面的分支达到超过第二个背鳍的起源, 通常在第 8个到第 12个柔软鳍条之间结束。 下面的分支侧面中央地跑, 波动在臀鳍基底上面。 身体是蓝色的上方, 下面银色的, 一个黑色的斑块末梢部地在二个前面第一背鳍的薄膜上, 其它的鳍是浅灰色的。
Found in schools on continental shelf and slope. They are normally caught close to the sea bed but probably move into midwater at times (Ref. 28786). Juveniles are pelagic, adults also occur near the surface off Tasmania and New Zealand. Dense schools of pre-spawners migrate along the continental slope at about 400 m during winter (Ref. 9563). Feed on fish, squid and crustaceans. The flesh is of good edible quality and especially tasty when smoked. In Australia, the eastern gemfish stock has been subjected to a prolonged period of poor recruitment which started in 1989 (Ref. 28843, 28786). This event resulted in a very significant decline in the gemfish resource. In Australia, efforts are now being channeled towards the recovery of the fishery.
成群出现在大陆架及大陆坡上。 他们通常被捕捉接近海床但是偶而可能移进中层水域中.(参考文献 28786) 稚鱼是大洋性的, 成鱼也出现接近水表面外海的塔斯梅尼亚与新西兰。 产卵前的鱼的密集鱼群移动在冬天期间于大约 400 公尺沿着大陆斜坡.(参考文献 9563) 捕食鱼，乌贼与甲壳动物。 肉是有好可食用的品质与尤其好吃的当烟熏时的。 在澳大利亚，东方的带 鱼分枝已经被受在 1989 年开始的一个少量入添的被延长的时期支配。 (参考文献 28843,28786) 这一个事件造成了带 鱼资源的一个非常重要的减少。 在澳大利亚，努力现在正在被导向渔场的恢复。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Larvae are caught in inshore waters which may indicate that gemfish move onto the shelf to spawn, or currents carry larvae in from offshore spawning grounds (Ref. 28786).西南太平洋: 外海的南方, 澳洲東南部與西南部，塔斯梅尼亞與紐西蘭。 發生來自馬達加斯加與日本需要的紀錄被查證。
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.4 - 13.6, mean 10.4 °C (based on 52 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00347 (0.00193 - 0.00623), b=3.14 (2.98 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.4 (4.5 - 6.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 14
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.15-0.21; tm=3-6; tmax=16; Fec=500,000).
Prior r = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.79, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11 [4, 29] mg/100g; Iron = 0.306 [0.113, 0.902] mg/100g; Protein = 15.6 [13.2, 18.3] %; Omega3 = 0.228 [0.114, 0.465] g/100g; Selenium = 25.8 [10.5, 61.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.4 [3.4, 72.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.291 [0.195, 0.444] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
