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> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sillaginidae (Smelt-whitings)
Etymology: Sillaginodes: See Sillago + Greek, oides = similar to.
More on author: Cuvier.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut; payau dasar (demersal); nir-ruaya; kisaran kedalaman 2 - 200 m (Ref. 6390), usually 2 - 18 m (Ref. 6205). Temperate; 29°S - 41°S, 112°E - 152°E (Ref. 6205)

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: southern Australia.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m 34.0, range 32 - 36 cm
Max length : 72.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 6205); common length : 35.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9563); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 4.8 kg (Ref. 6205); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 15 Tahun (Ref. 6390)

deskripsi pendek Morfologi | Morfometrik

Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 12 - 14; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 25-27; Duri dubur 2; Sirip dubur lunak: 21 - 24. The swim bladder is very elongate with a single slender tapering posterior extension and two anterolateral extensions. No duct-like urogenital aperture is present. Body color is pale brown, gray brown, or dark olive green above, and whitish pale brown or silvery below with reflections of mauve, blue green when fresh. The back and upper sides with oblique rows of small round dark brown to rusty brown spots; the lower sides with open-spaced rather scattered round dark spots. The belly is white and without spots. The dorsal fins are uniformly dark greenish brown to light brown sometimes spotted with dark brown; the anal, pectoral and pelvic fins are pale brown to hyaline; the caudal fin is greenish to brownish and finely dusted with brown (Ref. 6205).

Inhabit shallow inner continental shelf waters, including bays and inlets (Ref. 6390). For their first few years, they live mainly where seagrasses (Zostera species, Posidonia creeks. Small juveniles favor water depths from 2 m to 20 m. Adults inhabit more exposed waters along coastal beaches and reef areas (Ref. 27008, 27667), sometimes to depths as great as 200 m. Spawn in offshore waters from late summer to winter (Ref. 6390). Juveniles feed on benthic amphipods and other crustaceans. As they grow larger, their diet expands to include polychaete worms, mollusks and peanut worms (Sipuncula) (Ref. 27008, 27667). Oviparous (Ref. 205). This premium quality fish obtains a high price (Ref. 6205).

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

Are serial batch spawners, yet the number of spawnings in a season is unknown (Ref. 6390).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra

McKay, R.J., 1992. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 14. Sillaginid fishes of the world (family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the sillago, smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(14):87p. (Ref. 6205)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

tidak dinilai

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Harmless

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: komersial; Budidaya air: percobaan; Ikan buruan: ya

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

informasi lanjut

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telur-telur
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ukuran frekuensi
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mitra
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laporan khas

semak penyelenggaraan akuarium | semak helaian fakta spesis | semak helaian fakta aqulcalture

muat turun XML

ringkasan halaman | Point data | Nama-nama umum | fotos/gambar

Sumber internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 15.3 - 18.5, mean 17.4 °C (based on 253 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00258 - 0.00973), b=3.07 (2.90 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.

Generation time: 2.3 (1.6 - 6.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies.

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.47; tm=3-4; tmax=15; Fec=100,000).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).

kategori harga (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 32 [13, 91] mg/100g; Iron = 0.259 [0.098, 0.780] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [17.8, 22.2] %; Omega3 = 0.264 [0.123, 0.583] g/100g; Selenium = 28.4 [9.9, 84.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.1 [2.1, 26.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.72 [0.34, 1.33] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Sillaginodes punctatus (Cuvier, 1829)