Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; djupintervall 18 - 22 m (Ref. 26165). Tropical
Indo-Pacific: South Africa (Knysna) eastward to Samoa (Ref. 4919); north to Japan (Ref. 559).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 13.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 116289); publicerad maxvikt: 46.00 g (Ref. 116289)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 8-10; Taggstrålar i analfenan 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 7 - 8. Body covered with prickles (Ref. 559). Dark brown with pale greenish spots above, an intermediate pale yellow zone, white below (Ref. 4919).
Inhabits small loose groups on shallow coastal sand flats and in estuaries. Often sleeps during the day by burrying itself under the sand with just eyes exposed (Ref. 48637).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Smith, M.M., 1986. Triodontidae. p. 894. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4419)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Ytterligare information
PopulärnamnsynonymerMetabolikPredatorerEkotoxikologiReproduktionKönsmognadLekSpawning aggregationFecundityÄggEgg development
referenserVattenbrukVattenbruksprofilAvelslinjerGenetikElectrophoresesÄrftlighetSjukdomarBehandlingNutrientsMass conversion
MedarbetareBilderStamps, Coins Misc.LjudCiguateraHastighetSimsättGälytaOtolithsHjärnstorlekSyn
Verktyg
Special reports
Download XML
Internet-källor
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 29, mean 27.6 °C (based on 144 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00682 - 0.02667), b=2.89 (2.72 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).