分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) >
Lamnidae (Mackerel sharks or white shark)
Etymology: Lamna: From the Greek lamia, a large and voracious shark, originally from Lamia in Greek mythology, daughter of King Belos, who revenged the murder of her children by killing the children of others, and who behaved so cruelly that her face turned into a nightmarish mask. (See ETYFish); ditropis: di-, from dis (L.), in two; tropis (Gr.), keel, i.e., double-keeled, referring to the rudder-like projections on either side of tail. (See ETYFish).
More on authors: Hubbs & Follett.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 650 m (Ref. 50550), usually 0 - 152 m (Ref. 55221). 溫帶; 66°N - 22°N, 120°E - 115°W
North Pacific: Japan, Korea, and the Sea of Okhotsk to the Bering Sea and southward to southern California, USA (Ref. 247) and Baja California, Mexico (Ref. 9253).
北太平洋: 日本，韓國, 與鄂霍次克海到白令海而且向南至美國的南加州 (參考文獻 247) 與墨西哥的下加利福尼亞.(參考文獻 9253)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 221 cm
Max length : 305 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 247); common length : 180 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9988); 最大体重: 175.0 kg (Ref. 9988); 最大年龄: 27 年 (Ref. 119696)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. First dorsal fin uniformly dark, no light rear tip; ventral surface of body white with dusky blotches (Ref. 247).
第一背鳍全黑色, 后顶端不发亮; 身体的侧面白色的有暗色的斑块。 (参考文献 247)
A coastal-littoral and epipelagic shark that prefers boreal to cool temperate waters, from the surface to at least 152 m, and is common in continental offshore waters but range inshore to just off beaches. Occurs singly or in schools or feeding aggregations of several individuals; feeds on fishes (Ref. 247). Seasonally migratory (following food prey) and segregate by age and sex where adults move further north than young (Ref. 58085). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 50449). With up to 4 young in a litter (Ref. 247). Fast swimmer (Ref. 9988). Potentially dangerous but has never or seldom been implicated in human attacks (Ref. 247). Causes considerable damage to commercial catches and gear (Ref. 6885). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, and frozen; fins, hides and livers are also used, with fins having particular value; can be broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Reported to attain at least 27 years of age and reach maximum depth of at least 792 m (in Ref. 119696).
一海岸的-沿海地区与喜欢北方生物带胜过冷温带水域的表层带鲨鱼, 从表面到至少 152 公尺.(参考文献 247) 常见于大陆的离岸水域但是排列沿海地区到正好外海的海滩.(参考文献 247) 各别地生存或成群或一些个体的觅食群集.(参考文献 247) 捕食鱼类。 (参考文献 247) 卵胎生的, 胚胎吃产生于母亲的卵黄囊与其他的卵.(参考文献 50449) 多达 4 幼鱼在一胎.(参考文献 247) 快速的游泳者.(参考文献 9988) 可能危险但是从不或很少被关系到攻击人类.(参考文献 247) 造成對商業的捕獲與網具的相當多的傷害。 (參考文獻 6885) 生鮮使用, 乾燥或鹽醃, 與冷凍; 鰭, 皮與肝臟也被使用, 藉由有特別的價值的鰭; 能被火烤而且燒烤。 (參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). Litter size is up to 4 young (Ref. 247). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).北太平洋: 日本，韓國, 與鄂霍次克海到白令海而且向南至美國的南加州 (參考文獻 247) 與墨西哥的下加利福尼亞.(參考文獻 9253)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1.7 - 8.7, mean 4.7 °C (based on 832 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7813 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00405 - 0.02151), b=3.04 (2.84 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 3.95 [1.03, 23.07] mg/100g; Iron = 0.366 [0.089, 1.235] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.2, 22.0] %; Omega3 = 0.396 [0.154, 1.000] g/100g; Selenium = 14.3 [3.8, 43.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.42 [1.11, 26.30] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.185 [0.091, 0.353] mg/100g (wet weight);
