分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) >
Odontaspididae (Sand tiger sharks)
Etymology: Odontaspis: Etymology not explained, presumably odontos (Gr.), tooth, and aspis (Gr.), shield, perhaps referring to how teeth comprise a prominent narrow cusp provided with two or more small “side teeth” (translation), i.e., cusplets, which, with some imagination, could be said to “shield” the main cusp; another explanation: aspis (L.), viper, perhaps referring to outwardly pointing teeth of O. ferox, like that of a viper. (See ETYFish); ferox: Latin for fierce, possibly referring to what Risso described as its “La voracité extrême” and/or its toothy and ferocious countenance. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Risso.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 深度上下限 10 - 2000 m (Ref. 26346), usually 13 - 880 m (Ref. 89422). 深水域; 50°N - 49°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54681)
Eastern Atlantic: Gulf of Gascony, Madeira, Morocco, Mediterranean; also Cape Verde (Ref. 27000). Western Atlantic: Yucatan Shelf, Mexico (Ref. 9939), Brazil (Ref. 53443). Indo-West Pacific: off South Africa and Maldives, Madagascar, southern Japan, Australia, and New Zealand (Ref. 13568). Expected to occur in the Western Central Pacific (Ref. 13568). Central Pacific: off Hawaii (Ref. 13568). Eastern Pacific: off southern California, USA and Baja California, Mexico (Ref. 13568).
东大西洋: 加斯科尼湾，马得拉群岛，摩洛哥, 地中海; 也维德角.(参考文献 27000) 西大西洋: 墨西哥尤卡坦大陆棚 (参考文献 9939) 巴西.(参考文献 53443) 印度-西太平洋: 南非外海与马尔地夫，马达加斯加，日本南部，澳洲与纽西兰.(参考文献 13568) 预期出现出现在中西太平洋。 (参考文献 13568) 中太平洋: 外海的夏威夷.(参考文献 13568) 东太平洋: 外海的美国南加州与墨西哥的下加利福尼亚.(参考文献 13568)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 360 cm
Max length : 450 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 89422); 最大体重: 289.0 kg (Ref. 9939)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. A shark with a short, pointed snout, small eyes, protruding spike-like teeth, and small, equal-sized dorsal and anal fins; first dorsal closer to pectoral than to pelvic fins (Ref. 5578). Grey above, paler below (Ref. 6586); may have red spots on sides (Ref. 5578).
一鲨鱼有一个短的，尖的吻，和小的眼, 伸出像长钉一样的齿 , 与小又大小相同的背鳍与臀鳍; 第一背鳍更靠近胸鳍超过对腹鳍.(参考文献 5578) 背面灰色的, 腹面灰白的;(参考文献 6586) 在侧边上可能有红色的斑点。 (参考文献 5578)
Found on or near the bottom of the continental and insular shelves and upper slopes (Ref. 6871); sometimes in shallow water (Ref. 6871). Tagging showed the species dives up to 2,000 m at Malpelo Island, Colombia (S.Bessudo, pers.comm. 06/09). Feeds on small bony fishes, squids, and crustaceans (Ref. 13568). Uses its long body cavity and large, oily liver to regulate buoyancy. Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 50449). Not implicated in attacks on people (Ref. 247). Flesh utilized for human consumption and liver for its high squalene content (Ref. 247); utilization of fins, jaws and cartilage (Ref.58048).
栖息于大陆架与岛屿棚与上层斜坡的近底部.(参考文献 6871) 有时在浅水区中.(参考文献 6871) 吃小的硬骨鱼类，乌贼与甲壳动物。 (参考文献 13568) 使用它的长体腔与大又多油的肝脏调节浮力。 卵胎生的, 胚胎吃产生于母亲的卵黄囊与其他的卵.(参考文献 50449) 不关系到对人的攻击。 (参考文献 247) 鱼肉利用供人类消费与肝脏用于它的高 squalene 内容。 (参考文献 247)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). Two young born at 105 cm or larger (Ref. 26346). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).东大西洋: 加斯科尼湾，马得拉群岛，摩洛哥, 地中海; 也维德角.(参考文献 27000) 西大西洋: 墨西哥尤卡坦大陆棚 (参考文献 9939) 巴西.(参考文献 53443) 印度-西太平洋: 南非外海与马尔地夫，马达加斯加，日本南部，澳洲与纽西兰.(参考文献 13568) 预期出现出现在中西太平洋。 (参考文献 13568) 中太平洋: 外海的夏威夷.(参考文献 13568) 东太平洋: 外海的美国南加州与墨西哥的下加利福尼亚.(参考文献 13568)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.2 - 23.9, mean 17.3 °C (based on 810 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.56 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec assumed to be <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 2.12 [0.49, 12.27] mg/100g; Iron = 0.217 [0.051, 0.701] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.0, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.34 [0.14, 0.81] g/100g; Selenium = 26.9 [7.0, 81.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.46 [1.47, 28.36] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.187 [0.092, 0.357] mg/100g (wet weight);
