分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 10 - 300 m (Ref. 28016), usually 10 - 120 m (Ref. 11441). 熱帶; 29°N - 5°N, 56°E - 83°E (Ref. 5222)
Indian Ocean: continental shelf of the northern Indian Ocean from the Gulf of Aden to Sri Lanka and Madras, India. Not known from the Persian Gulf nor the Red Sea. Records from the western Pacific are based on misidentifications of Epinephelus stictus or Epinephelus fasciatomaculos.
印度洋: 印度洋北部從亞丁灣到斯里蘭卡與馬德拉斯布，印度的大陸棚。 已知不來自波斯灣也不紅海。 記錄從西太平洋是以 南海石斑魚〔Epinephelus stictus〕 或 Epinephelus fasciatomaculos 的誤鑑為依據.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 39.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3)
背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 15-17; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8
Occurs over muddy sand or mud substrata and caught in depths of 63 to 100 m off the Kerala coast.
生活在泥濘的沙或泥下層土壤之上而且從喀拉拉邦海岸在深度捕獲 63 到 100 公尺。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度洋: 印度洋北部從亞丁灣到斯里蘭卡與馬德拉斯布，印度的大陸棚。 已知不來自波斯灣也不紅海。 記錄從西太平洋是以 南海石斑魚〔Epinephelus stictus〕 或 Epinephelus fasciatomaculos 的誤鑑為依據.
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.5 - 28.6, mean 27 °C (based on 280 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00942 - 0.01277), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.21-0.86; Fec=4,165).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 97.8 [43.3, 230.3] mg/100g; Iron = 1.08 [0.49, 2.64] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.3, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.243 [0.127, 0.461] g/100g; Selenium = 88.2 [41.0, 208.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.5 [6.8, 121.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.14 [0.71, 1.89] mg/100g (wet weight);
