Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser bathypelagisch; tiefenbereich 0 - 4938 m (Ref. 58302), usually 300 - 900 m (Ref. 28981). Deep-water; 61°N - 68°S
Atlantic, Indian and Pacific: in deep water of tropical to temperate zones. Southern Ocean: between the Antarctic Polar Front and the Antarctic continental shelf of the Indian Ocean sector, near the Balleny Islands, and the Scotia Sea. Eastern Pacific: California Current region (Ref. 35800). South China Sea (Ref.74511).
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 4.6 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 28981); 5.8 cm SL (female)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt): 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt): 12-15; Afterflossenstacheln 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 17 - 21; Wirbelzahl: 29 - 34. Light to dark brown in color (Ref. 3991). Branchiostegal rays: 14.
Meso- to bathypelagic (Ref. 58302). Oceanic, precise depth range dependent upon developmental stage, latitude, season (Ref. 4769). No apparent vertical migration observed (Ref. 4463). Lipid content is 4.3 % in fresh body weight and wax ester is 53.5 % in total lipids (Ref. 9193). Oviparous, with planktonic eggs and larvae (Ref. 35800). Minimum depth from Ref. 58018.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven
Gon, O., 1990. Gonostomatidae. p. 116-122. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. 462 p. (Ref. 5162)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: nicht kommerziell
Mehr Information
ReferenzenAquakulturAquakultur ProfilZuchtlinienGenetikElectrophoresesVererbbarkeitKrankheitenVerarbeitungNutrientsMass conversion
PartnerBilderStamps, Coins Misc.LauteCiguateraGeschwindigkeitSchwimmstilKiemenoberflächeOtolithsGehirngrößeSehfähigkeit
Tools
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4 - 13.5, mean 7.9 °C (based on 2064 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00331 (0.00157 - 0.00697), b=2.89 (2.71 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.28 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (Assuming Fec<2000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
