分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts)
胡瓜魚目 (Freshwater smelts) >
Retropinnidae (New Zealand smelts)
後鰭魚科 (New Zealand smelts) > Prototroctinae
Etymology: Prototroctes: Greek, pro = first, in front of + Greek, troktos, -e, -on = edible (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 46888). 溫帶; 10°C - 25°C (Ref. 2060); 34°S - 45°S
Oceania: coastal drainages of southeastern Australia from the Grose River near Sydney southward and westward to the eastern part of South Australia, including Tasmania and King Island in Bass Strait.
大洋洲: 在雪梨附近的澳洲東南部從 Grose 河的海岸流域往南而且向西到澳洲南部的東部, 在 bass 海峽中包括塔斯梅尼亞與島國王。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5259); common length : 18.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5259); 最大年齡: 6 年 (Ref. 5259)
Adults inhabit creeks and rivers, usually in cool, clear waters over gravel bottoms in sections alternating between pools and rapids. Usually found in clear, moderate to fast-flowing water in the upper reaches of rivers (sometimes to altitudes above 1000 meters). Often forming aggregations below barriers to upstream movement. Timid species that forms fast-moving shoals (Ref. 44894). Often form large schools especially prior to spawning. Feed on small crustaceans, insects and their larvae and algae. The intestinal tract is long, s specialization to assist in the breakdown of ingested plant material (Ref. 44894). Spawn: Feb.-May; 25,000-68,000 eggs which sink to bottom downstream of spawning site. Hatching: 10-20 days; larvae, 6-7 mm TL, swept downstream to estuaries and the sea, return to freshwater after 6 months.
成魚棲息於小溪與河, 通常在水池與急流之間是交互的在部分中的在礫石底部上的冷又清澈的水域。 在河的上游中的通常發現於清澈又和緩到快速-流動的水.(有時對在 1000 公尺上面的高度) 在對向上游的運動障礙之下時常形成群集。 形成快速移動的淺灘的膽小的種.(參考文獻 44894) 時常尤其在產卵之前形成大群魚群。 捕食小型甲殼動物，昆蟲與他們的幼體與藻類。 腸道是長的, s 特別化協助攝取的植物的崩潰.(參考文獻 44894) 產卵: 二月-五月; 下沉底部產卵位置的下游的 25,000-68,000個卵。 孵化: 10-20 天; 仔魚 , 6-7 mm TL,沖到下游到河口與海洋., 在 6個月之後回到淡水。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
大洋洲: 在雪梨附近的澳洲東南部從 Grose 河的海岸流域往南而且向西到澳洲南部的東部, 在 bass 海峽中包括塔斯梅尼亞與島國王。
Allen, G.R., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Australia. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 5259)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7656 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00372 (0.00150 - 0.00920), b=3.14 (2.92 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.34 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.45; tmax=6; Fec=25,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
