Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; Mức độ sâu 1 - 50 m (Ref. 83903). Tropical; 25°N - 19°S, 34°E - 135°W
Indo-Pacific: widespread from between Pinda Bank, Mozambique to Rangiroa I., Tuamoto Archipelago (Fr Polynesia); north to Ishigakijima, Ryukyu Is. (Japan), south to Aitutaki Island, Cook Islands.
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 30573); common length : 25.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 30573)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng): 8; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng): 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D VIII,9; pectoral fins 13-14; gill rakers 5-6 + 16-17 = 21-23; lateral line scales 35-39; body depth at first dorsal fin origin 22-25% SL and at anus 20-23% SL; caudal-peduncle depth 9.7-11% SL; maximum head depth 17-21% SL; head depth through eye 14-17% SL; head length 25-29%SL; orbit length 4.4-6.3% SL; upper jaw length 11-13% SL; barbel length 17-21% SL; caudal-fin length 28-32% SL; anal-fin height 15-17% SL; pelvic-fin length 18-20% SL; pectoral-fin length 17-20% SL; first dorsal-fin height 20-23% SL; second dorsal-fin height 14-16% SL; 9-13 (7-9 in juveniles < 10 cm SL) total bars on caudal fin, 4-8 black bars on upper caudal-fin lobe, the proximal bars slightly curved, 3-6 bars on lower lobe; the bars on both lobe tips black and other bars mostly red or brown becoming black at distal inner margins of lobes (at least the black parts are retained on preserved fish); usually 2 lateral body stripes, one pale brown at mid-body from snout or eye to caudal-fin base, while the other is shorter, fainter, and more yellowish below, from the operculum or behind pectoral-fin base, sometimes a weak third yellow stripe below it (stripes not retained in preserved fish); first dorsal-fin tip pale; yellow barbels when fresh; body pale grey, somewhat darker dorsally, with faint red patches laterally and red scale markings above upper stripe (uniformly pale brown in preserved fish) (Ref. 83903).
Inhabits sheltered, often turbid inshore waters over sand or mud substrates; found near corals (Ref. 5213), in very shallow water, usually in small groups (Ref. 9947). Reported to cause hallucinations when eaten (Ref. 4690).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
Uiblein, F. and P.C. Heemstra, 2010. A taxonomic review of the Western Indian Ocean goatfishes of the genus Upeneus (Family Mullidae), with descriptions of four new species. Smithiana 11:35-71. (Ref. 83903)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4690)
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
Thêm thông tin
Các tài liệu tham khảoNuôi trồng thủy sảnTổng quan nuôi trồng thủy sảnCác giốngDi truyềnElectrophoresesDi sảnCác bệnhChế biếnNutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.3 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 2676 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00595 - 0.01534), b=3.07 (2.94 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (K=0.5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 57.2 [31.6, 91.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.568 [0.267, 0.947] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.0, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.107, 0.279] g/100g; Selenium = 32.4 [19.7, 54.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 81.5 [29.5, 273.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.14 [0.73, 1.59] mg/100g (wet weight);
