分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 30 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 12°N - 24°S, 55°E - 154°W (Ref. 5222)
Indo-West-Pacific: East coast of Africa to the Line Islands. Except for its occurrence along the African coast (Zanzibar, Tanzania to Ponta Zavora, Mozambique) it seems to be primarily an insular species, occurring at most (probably all) of the islands of tropical Indian and west-central Pacific. Not known from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, or Australian waters (however, it is found at Rowley Shoals off Western Australia).
印度-太平洋: 非洲東岸到列島群島。 除了它的棲地沿著它似乎主要地是被出現在的一個島嶼魚種得最熱帶印度洋與中西太平洋的島嶼的非洲海岸 (坦尚尼亞的桑吉巴到 Ponta Zavora, 莫三比克)。 已知不來自紅海，波斯灣，斯里蘭卡，菲律賓，台灣，日本否則澳洲的水域。 (然而，它被發現於羅雷淺灘外海的西澳大利亞)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 19 - ? cm
Max length : 47.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 125599); 最大体重: 1.5 kg (Ref. 125599)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 14-16; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Preopercle rounded, with a shallow notch; the serrae are enlarged but covered with skin; upper edge of the operculum almost straight. The head and body mostly covered with close-set dark brown, olive, or reddish brown spots. Those on the dorsolateral parts of the head, body, and on median fins polygonal and close-set, with the interspaces forming a white reticulum. Those on the ventral portions are more rounded, more separated and often more reddish. Three dark blotches are often visible at the base of the dorsal fin and one forming a saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle. These blotches differentiates it from E. merra and E. quoyanus (Ref. 5222). Small conspicuous dark spots on snout and sometimes between or below the eyes (Ref. 37816).
前鳃盖骨圆形的, 具有一个浅的凹槽; 锯齿被增大但是覆盖着皮肤; 几乎笔直地的鳃盖的上缘。 大部份覆盖着的头部与身体靠拢在一起深褐色的，橄榄色，或红褐色的斑点。 在头部，身体的背外侧部份上的那些, 与在中央的鳍上多角形的而且靠拢在一起, 有间隙形成一个白色的网状质。 在腹面上的那些更圆形, 分得更开与时常更淡红的。 三个黑色斑块时常是出现在背鳍基底与一在尾梗上形成一个斑块。 这些斑块使它有别于 E. merra 与 E. quoyanus 。 (参考文献 5222) 在吻上的小的显着深色的斑点与有时在眼之间或下面.(参考文献 37816)
Occurs in lagoon patch reefs, the upper slopes of channels, and reef margins (Ref. 1602). Carnivorous (Ref. 81697). Nothing has been published on its biology. Solitary (Ref 90102).
出现于泻湖礁坪，峡道的上层斜坡与礁区边缘。 (参考文献 1602) 尚未有任何文献报告在它的生物学特性。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋: 非洲東岸到列島群島。 除了它的棲地沿著它似乎主要地是被出現在的一個島嶼魚種得最熱帶印度洋與中西太平洋的島嶼的非洲海岸 (坦尚尼亞的桑吉巴到 Ponta Zavora, 莫三比克)。 已知不來自紅海，波斯灣，斯里蘭卡，菲律賓，台灣，日本否則澳洲的水域。 (然而，它被發現於羅雷淺灘外海的西澳大利亞)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.1 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 1392 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00699 - 0.01802), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.5 [18.0, 76.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.528 [0.290, 1.094] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.0, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.123 [0.077, 0.196] g/100g; Selenium = 27.3 [16.0, 48.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 228 [63, 825] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.45 [0.99, 2.03] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
