Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien rifbewoner; diepte 6 - 300 m (Ref. 1602). Tropical; 30°N - 23°S, 36°E - 140°W
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Southeast Asia and the Marquesan and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 92.3 cm FL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 125599); common length : 50.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9768); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 4.1 kg (Ref. 125599)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 6; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 9; Anale stekels 2; Anale zachte stralen: 9. Body elongate and sub cylindrical with small cycloid scales; head long and pointed. Mouth large and horizontal, the tip of the lower jaw protruding; intermaxilla non-protractile. Preoperculum broadly rounded. Lower limb of the first fill arch with spiny tubercles. First dorsal fin origin opposite or before the pectoral tip, the first spine shorter than the second. Color is generally blackish above and silvery below.
Nocturnally active, but occurring in large schools above lagoon patch reefs and along outer reef slopes during the day (Ref. 9768, 48637). Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on penaeid shrimps and squids. Sold fresh, frozen or dried salted. Reports of ciguatera poisoning need confirmation.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Rose, J.H., 1984. Sphyraenidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 4752)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30298)
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Meer informatie
Lokale namenSynoniemenMetabolismePredatorenEcotoxicologieVoortplantingMaturiteitPaaienPaaiaggregatiesFecunditeitEierenOntwikkeling van de eieren
ReferentiesAquacultuurAquacultuurprofielKweeklijnenGeneticaElectrophoresesErfelijkheidZiektesVerwerkingNutrientsMassaconversie
Tools
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.4 - 28.2, mean 26.2 °C (based on 976 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00479 - 0.01095), b=2.92 (2.80 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16 [7, 42] mg/100g; Iron = 0.289 [0.130, 0.614] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [18.1, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.103 [0.048, 0.214] g/100g; Selenium = 46.3 [20.1, 115.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 46.7 [10.3, 220.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.448 [0.286, 0.779] mg/100g (wet weight);
