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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡形目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Encrasicholina: Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen.
More on author: Rüppell.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 20 - 50 m (Ref. 28016). 熱帶; 32°N - 26°S, 30°E - 170°W (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to northern Madagascar and the Bay of Bengal; southern Japan and northern coast of Australia to the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa.
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到馬達加斯加北部與孟加拉灣; 日本南部與澳洲到索羅門群島，新加勒多尼亞，斐濟，東加與美屬薩摩亞的北海岸。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 6.2, range 5 - 6.7 cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 48635); common length : 7.5 cm NG 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27550); 最大年齡: 1.70 年 (Ref. 2178)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 16. Belly rounded with 4 to 6 sharp needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip pointed, projecting beyond second supra-maxilla and reaching to sub-operculum. Isthmus short, preceded by a small bony plate on urohyal between branchial membranes. Unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays only. Anal fin short. In life, a distinct blue upper edge to its lateral stripe and a dull silver or grey band on flank, the back beige.
腹面圓形的對 6個銳利的針狀前腹鰭鱗甲有四個。 顎骨頂端尖的, 突出的超過第二個上顎骨而且延伸到子鰓蓋。 峽部短, 在鰓蓋膜之間的尾舌骨上前面有一個小的多骨碟了。 只有的不分枝的背鰭棘條與臀鰭棘條。 臀鰭短。 活著時, 在側面，背部淺褐色上的它的側面斑紋的一個明顯的藍色上緣與一條暗銀色或灰色的條紋。
A schooling species found inshore, but also inhabits deep bays under oceanic influence. Rarely enter mangrove waters (Ref. 43081). Probably feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans (e.g., copepods, Ref. 8591). Eggs are oval, without a knob at one end. Eggs occur intermittently in the lower reaches of mangrove waters (Ref. 43081). Utilized mostly for bait, but also for human consumption as dried fish or fermented sauce (Ref. 9987).
一個群游性魚種發現沿海地區, 也在大洋性的影響力下面居住於深的海灣。 很少進入紅樹林水域。 (參考文獻 43081) 可能主要捕食浮游性甲殼動物。 (例如，橈腳類的動物, 參考文獻 8591) 卵是橢圓形的, 在一端沒有癤瘤。 卵間歇地在紅樹林水域的下面範圍方面出現。 (參考文獻 43081) 大部份利用作為餌料生物, 也如魚乾或發酵醬料的供人類消費.(參考文獻 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到馬達加斯加北部與孟加拉灣; 日本南部與澳洲到索羅門群島，新加勒多尼亞，斐濟，東加與美屬薩摩亞的北海岸。
Hata, H. and H. Motomura, 2016. Validity of Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba (Hardenberg 1933) and redescription of Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell 1837), a senior synonym of Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley 1940) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research 64(1):18-28.
[Published online. Journal and pages added later.] (Ref. 128293)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 February 2017
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28.8, mean 27.9 °C (based on 375 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00489 - 0.00677), b=3.15 (3.11 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.80-4.09; tm=0.36-0.98).
Prior r = 0.37, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.56, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 192 [48, 627] mg/100g; Iron = 1.52 [0.53, 3.89] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [16.9, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.082, 0.508] g/100g; Selenium = 66.7 [20.9, 229.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.9 [5.5, 148.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.7 [0.9, 4.1] mg/100g (wet weight);
