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Teleostei > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Alburnus: From the city of Al Bura, where the fish was known (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

; 淡水; 半鹹淡水底中水層性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 溫帶; 5°C - 20°C (Ref. 12468); 61°N - 38°N, 9°E - 55°E

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Europe and Asia: Caspian (mostly western to southern coast, rarely found in Ural and Volga). Populations from Aral Sea basin might belong to this species (Ref. 59043). Reported from the Black Sea basin (Ref. 58342).
歐洲: 奧地利到哈薩克。分枝縮小的, 強制保育.(參考文獻 4537) 廣泛地在黑海 ,里海的河流域與鹹海中傳佈。 (參考文獻 33550) 黑海流域: 保加利亞 (Veleka 流域) ，土耳其 (Resowska 流域).(參考文獻 59043) 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1441); common length :28 cm TL (female)

簡短描述型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

脊椎骨: 42 - 45. Diagnosed from its congeners in Caspian and Black Sea basin by having the following characters: anal fin origin about 1½ -2½ scales behind last branched dorsal ray; lateral line with 54-65 + 4-5 scales; anal fin rays with 13-15½ branched rays; 18-23 gill rakers; ventral keel exposed for 8-12 scales in front of anus (up to almost 80% of distance between anus and pelvic base); head length 20-24% SL; predorsal length 52-56% SL; caudal peduncle depth 1.9-2.4 times in its length; nuptial males with few, large tubercles; lacking dark midlateral stripe. Morphology is variable which has been considered to be an adaptation to different habitats, but data suggest that this is probably due to several species being confused under this species (Ref. 59043).

Inhabit lower reaches of rives, coastal lakes, estuaries, and brackish areas of sea. Occur close to surface and tolerate salinities up to 14 ppt. Adults predominantly prey on planktonic crustaceans, terrestrial insects and small fish while larvae and young juveniles feed on zooplankton, algae and insect larvae. Spawn in small rivers or streams with heavy current on gravel bottom. Landlocked populations found in reservoirs spawn in reservoir tributaries (Ref. 59043). Eastern populations migrate upstream for spawning (Ref. 13696). Males assemble and wait at the spawning grounds for ripe females, which arrive later. Deposit sticky eggs which adhere on pebbles or stones. Embryonic development lasts 2-3 days, with larvae first staying among gravel for 8-11 days, then actively migrating to shallows and backwaters. Adults migrate back to sea, lakes or estuaries soon after spawning to forage. Young juvenile undertake downriver migration in autumn of same year or next spring. Due to dam constructions, almost all long-distance migrating populations lost as they were unable to reach spawning sites. Survive in small water courses and as landlocked populations in some reservoirs. Populations are expected to decline and to further decline due to expanding hydroelectric development and strong ecological impacts on Caspian sea (Ref. 59043).

成魚吃浮游生物與昆蟲, 較少在小型底棲的動物上。東方族群向上游移動進行產卵.(參考文獻 13696) 仔魚與年幼的稚魚吃浮游動物，藻類與昆蟲幼生。 (參考文獻 59043)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

Males assemble and wait at the spawning grounds for ripe females, which arrive later. Deposit sticky eggs which adhere on pebbles or stones. Embryonic development lasts 2-3 days, with larvae first staying among gravel for 8-11 days, then actively migrating to shallows and backwaters. Adults migrate back to sea, lakes or estuaries soon after spawning to forage. Young juvenile undertake downriver migration in autumn of same year or next spring (Ref. 59043).歐洲: 奧地利到哈薩克。分枝縮小的, 強制保育.(參考文獻 4537) 廣泛地在黑海 ,里海的河流域與鹹海中傳佈。 (參考文獻 33550) 黑海流域: 保加利亞 (Veleka 流域) ，土耳其 (Resowska 流域).(參考文獻 59043) 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

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無害處的

人類使用

漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性

FAO - 漁業: landings; Publication: search | FishSource |

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Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00518 - 0.00734), b=3.12 (3.09 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

營養階層 (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.41 se; based on food items.

回復力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-5; tmax=9; K=0.10).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).

價格種類 (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772)

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

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大小 / 重量 / 年齡

簡短描述型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

生物學特性字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

CITES

CMS (Ref. 116361)

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Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772)

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

簡短描述 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

生物學特性 字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

CITES

CMS (Ref. 116361)

對人類具威脅

人類使用

更多資訊

工具

特別的報告

下載 XML

網路資源

Estimates based on models

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

簡短描述型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

生物學特性字彙 (例如 epibenthic)