Classification / Names
Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
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Gadiformes (Cods) >
Macrouridae (Grenadiers or rattails)
Etymology: Hymenocephalus: Named for its transparent membrane-like head covering (‘‘hymen head’’) and fragile nature of head bones (Ref. 100825).
More on author: Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bentopelagisk; djupintervall 101 - 800 m (Ref. 58302). Deep-water
Eastern Central Pacific: known only from the Hawaiian Islands and Sala y Gomez Ridge.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9949)
Short description
Morfologi | Morfometri
This species is distinguished by the following characters: pelvic fin rays 14-15; pectoral fin rays 15-18; projecting snout, 20-25% HL; rudimentary or very short barbel, 0-3% HL, does not reach vertical through anterior margin of orbit; moderate orbit diameter, 32-39% HL (usually 33-38%HL); infraorbital width 10-12% HL; moderately long preopercular supporter, with obtuse angle at rear margin, 3-4% HL; 25-29 gill rakers; ventral striae reaching to ½ from pelvic fin bases to periproct; otolith has moderately high predorsal lobe, with colliculi separated, closely placed across collum, terminating far from anterior and posterior rims of otolith; otolith length to height (OL:OH), 0.9-1.0; total colliculum length to pseudocolliculum length (TCL:PCL), 1.7-2.0 (Ref. 98298).
Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds mainly on pelagic organisms, copepods (Pleuromamma sp., Oncaea conifera, Xanthocalanus sp., Aetideidae spp.); also on small fish, chaetognaths, gammarids (Lysianassidae), shrimp (Bentheogennema pasithea), and mysids (Paralophogaster glaber); benthic polychaetes, including family Polinoidae (Ref. 9949).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Sazonov, Y.I. and T. Iwamoto, 1992. Grenadiers (Pisces, Gadiformes) of the Nazca and Sala y Gomez ridges, southeastern Pacific. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 48(2):27-95. (Ref. 9949)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Ytterligare information
PopulärnamnsynonymerMetabolikPredatorerEkotoxikologiReproduktionKönsmognadLekSpawning aggregationFecundityÄggEgg development
Age/SizeTillväxtLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesMorfometriMorfologiLarverLarvdynamikRekryteringAbundansBRUVS
referenserVattenbrukVattenbruksprofilAvelslinjerGenetikElectrophoresesÄrftlighetSjukdomarBehandlingNutrientsMass conversion
MedarbetareBilderStamps, Coins Misc.LjudCiguateraHastighetSimsättGälytaOtolithsHjärnstorlekSyn
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 5 - 15.2, mean 7.3 °C (based on 11 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00219 (0.00111 - 0.00431), b=3.20 (3.03 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
