分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays)
鰩目 (Shovelnose rays) >
Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes)
琵琶鱝科 (Guitarfishes)
Etymology: Rhinobatos: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek, batis, -idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 12951). 亞熱帶的; 44°N - 17°S, 19°W - 36°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Atlantic: southern Bay of Biscay to Angola, including Mediterranean Sea.
東大西洋: 比斯開灣南部到安哥拉, 包括地中海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 87.0, range 79 - ? cm
Max length : 185 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 127374); common length : 80.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3261); 最大體重: 26.6 kg (Ref. 127374)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 0. Rostral ridges widely separated over their entire length; anterior nasal lobe reaching to level of inner corner of nostril, posterior nasal flap wide; spiracle with two moderately developed folds, the outer one more prominent; thorns relatively small, present around inner margin of orbits, between spiracles, on shoulders, and along midline of disc and tail; Upper surface khaki-brown, underside white (Ref. 6675).
嘴的脊在他們的整個長度之上分得很開; 前面的鼻葉延伸到鼻孔的內角高度, 後鼻蓋寬的; 呼吸孔有兩個適度發展的摺層，外面的那一個較突出的; 刺相當小的, 眼窩的內緣的周圍呈現, 在呼吸孔之間, 在肩上, 而且沿著體盤與尾部的中線; 上表皮土褐色的, 腹面白色的.(參考文獻 6675)
Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms, from the intertidal zone to about 100 m. Sometimes near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Slow swimming over bottom or partially buried. Feeds on benthic invertebrates, mainly crustaceans and small fishes. Males mature at ca. 56 cm TL, females at ca. 64 cm TL; born at ca. 25 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous, one or two litters per year with 4-10 embryos.
棲息於沙泥底,從潮間帶區域到大約 100 公尺。 有時鄰近岩礁.(參考文獻 12951) 減慢游泳於底部之上或者部份地埋藏了。 吃底棲的無脊椎動物與魚類。 卵胎生的, 一或二個胎窩每年有四個 -10個胚胎。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). One or two litters per year, of 4-10 embryos (Ref. 6675)東大西洋: 比斯開灣南部到安哥拉, 包括地中海。
Schneider, W., 1990. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 04 August 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.2 - 28, mean 26.1 °C (based on 104 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00204 (0.00164 - 0.00255), b=3.08 (3.01 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 8.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tmax=5; Fec=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.2 [3.7, 87.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.646 [0.170, 1.792] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [17.7, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.236 [0.109, 0.521] g/100g; Selenium = 24.8 [7.5, 65.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.46 [2.60, 15.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.552 [0.281, 1.018] mg/100g (wet weight);
