分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Zoarcoidei (Eelpouts and pricklebacks)
鱸形目 (Eelpouts and pricklebacks) >
Zoarcidae (Eelpouts)
綿鳚科 (Eelpouts) > Zoarcinae
Etymology: Zoarces: Greek, zoarkes, -es = that gives life (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 40 m (Ref. 31184), usually 2 - 20 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 72°N - 49°N, 11°W - 52°E
Northeast Atlantic: White Sea, Cheshskaya Guba and Murmansk coast (Barents Sea) southward to English Channel (River Somme); eastern coasts of Scotland, England, also Irish Sea; the Orkneys, Shetlands and in shallow waters of North Sea and Baltic.
東北大西洋: 白海, Cheshskaya Guba 與莫曼斯克海岸 (巴倫支海) 向南至英倫海峽 (河 Somme); 蘇格蘭,英格蘭的東岸, 也愛爾蘭的海洋; 奧克尼群島, 雪特蘭群島與在淺水區中北海與波羅的海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 17.0, range 16 - 18 cm
Max length : 52.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4695); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4695); 最大體重: 510.00 g (Ref. 6397); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 35388)
Bones are green due to harmless pigment. Skin slimy and variable color (Ref. 35388).
硬骨是綠色的由於無害處的有顏色。 皮膚黏滑而可變的顏色.(參考文獻 35388)
Inhabits rocky shores under stones, among algae and in tide pools, between tide marks down to 40 m. May remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds (Ref. 31184). Feeds on gastropods, chironomids, crustaceans, eggs and fry of fishes. Gives birth to live young (Ref. 9900). Bones colored green by the harmless pigment Vivianit (Ref. 4645). Breathes air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Mating takes place in August - September with internal fertilization of the eggs. Female give birth to 30-400 developed young (35-55mm) (Ref. 35388).
棲息於在石頭下面的岩岸, 在藻類之中與在潮池中, 在潮標誌之間向下至 40 公尺。 可以停留在岩石或海草下面離開水面.(參考文獻 31184) 吃魚的腹足動物，寶刀魚，甲殼動物，卵與魚苗。 對活的幼魚生產。 (參考文獻 9900) 硬骨色彩綠色藉由無害處的有顏色 Vivianit.(參考文獻 4645) 呼吸空氣當離開水面.(參考文獻 31184) 交配發生於八月到九月有體內受精的卵。 母魚對 30-400個發展的幼魚 (35-55 mm) 生產。 (參考文獻 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Fertilization occurs in August-September. Egg development lasts for one month. Total bearing time is five months (Ref. 6397). 東北大西洋: 白海, Cheshskaya Guba 與莫曼斯克海岸 (巴倫支海) 向南至英倫海峽 (河 Somme); 蘇格蘭,英格蘭的東岸, 也愛爾蘭的海洋; 奧克尼群島, 雪特蘭群島與在淺水區中北海與波羅的海。
Andriashev, A.P., 1986. Zoarcidae. p. 1130-1150. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4695)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.3 - 11.3, mean 9.4 °C (based on 310 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00316 (0.00188 - 0.00531), b=3.13 (2.97 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=2; tmax=10; Fec=30; K=0.19-0.4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.7 [20.6, 67.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.3 [0.2, 0.5] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.0, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.361 [0.203, 0.613] g/100g; Selenium = 11.6 [5.6, 22.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.1 [5.2, 39.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.711 [0.513, 0.993] mg/100g (wet weight);
