分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Notothenioidei (Icefishes)
鱸形目 (Icefishes) >
Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes)
南極魚科 (Cod icefishes) > Pleuragrammatinae
Etymology: Pleuragramma: Greek, pleura = side, ribe + Greek, gramma = letter, signal (Ref. 45335); antarcticum: Named after the region in which this is common (Ref. 11892).
More on author: Boulenger.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 深度上下限 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 127764). 極; ? - 2°C (Ref. 6390); 60°S - 78°S, 180°W - 180°E
Southern Ocean: Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland, Elephant, South Orkney islands, Weddell, Bellingshausen, Ross and Davis seas, Oates, Adélie, Wilhelm and other coasts of East Antarctica to Prydz Bay.
南極海: 到 Prydz 海灣的南極半島，雪特蘭群島南方部，象，奧克尼群島南方部島，威德爾海， Bellingshausen ，羅斯與戴維斯海洋， Oates ， Adelie, 威廉與東南極洲的其他海岸。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 26.6 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 124149); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2121); 最大體重: 200.00 g (Ref. 6390); 最大年齡: 20 年 (Ref. 5216)
背棘 (總數): 6 - 8; 背的軟條 (總數): 35-38; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 36 - 39; 脊椎骨: 52 - 56. Pre-opercular-mandibular canal pores 9 (rarely 10), with 3 (rarely 4) on the mandible. Infraorbital canal with 4+2 pores; lateral line organs (neuromasts) present exposed region between the canal segments, the normal number probably being 4 (rarely 5), but some or all are often missing. Supraorbital canal with 3+1 pores (a second, more posterior pore rarely present in postero-dorsal section); between these 2 supraorbital canal segments is a trough divided by 3 low transverse ridges into 4 shallow depressions; on each ridge is a neuromasts organ. Temporal canal with 1+4 pores; between the 2 segment lies a single exposed neuromast. Supratemporal canal with 1+1 pores; no traces of neuromasts were found in the intervening regions.
Color: In life, pink with a silvery hue, the dorsal surface slightly darker. All fins pale, with clear hyaline membranes. The body becomes silvery with a darker dorsum only after death (Ref. 28937).
前鰓蓋- 顎骨管的孔 9(很少地 10),在下顎上有三個 (很少地 4) 。 眶下管有四個 +2個孔; 在管道片段之間的側線器官 (神經瘤) 存在的裸露區域, 正常的數字可能在 4(很少地 5), 但是一些或全部時常不見。 眶上管有三個 +1個孔;(一個第二個, 較向後的孔很少地出現在 postero-背部的部分) 在這些 2個眶上管片段之間是進入 4個水淺的凹窪之內被分開 3個低的橫跨脊的一個溝槽; 在每個脊上是一個神經瘤器官。 暫生管 1+4個孔; 在 2 片段之間躺臥一個裸露的神經瘤。 上顳骨管 1+1個孔; 神經瘤的沒有痕跡被發現於其間的區域。
顏色: 活著時，粉紅色具有一個銀色的色，背部表面的顏色略深的。 所有的鰭灰白的有清澈的透明薄膜。 身體變成只有在死亡之後銀色的有一個較黑的背面.(參考文獻 28937)
Regarded as the only truly pelagic fish in Antarctic waters (Ref. 6390). Larvae and postlarvae occur between 0 to 135 m; juveniles 50 to 400 and adults below 400 m (Ref. 5179). Postlarvae feed mainly on eggs and larvae of copepods; juveniles mainly on copepods, but take also eggs and larvae of euphausiids, polychaetes and chaetognaths (Ref. 5179). Larger items are ingested with increase in size (Ref. 5179). Larval pelagic phase is long (Ref. 28916).
在南極圈水域被認為唯一的真實大洋性的魚了。 (參考文獻 6390) 仔魚與後期幼體在 0 到 135 公尺之間出現; 稚魚 50 到 400 與成魚小於 400 公尺.(參考文獻 5179) 後期幼體主要捕食卵與橈腳類的動物的仔魚; 稚魚主要捕食橈足類, 但是也帶卵與磷蝦，多毛類動物與毛顎類動物的仔魚.(參考文獻 5179) 較大的項目隨著體型增大被攝取。 (參考文獻 5179)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Mature females may spawn for the first time from around 7-9 years of age (Ref. 71843).南極海: 到 Prydz 海灣的南極半島，雪特蘭群島南方部，象，奧克尼群島南方部島，威德爾海， Bellingshausen ，羅斯與戴維斯海洋， Oates ， Adelie, 威廉與東南極洲的其他海岸。
Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
更多資訊
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.8 - 0.9, mean -1 °C (based on 540 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00355 (0.00227 - 0.00556), b=3.22 (3.09 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.14; tm=3-4; tmax=20; Fec=4,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.8 [16.5, 72.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.582 [0.268, 1.204] mg/100g; Protein = 16.1 [12.9, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.425 [0.227, 0.796] g/100g; Selenium = 11.9 [4.3, 26.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.7 [6.6, 152.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.593 [0.386, 0.926] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
