分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Chondrostei >
Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons and paddlefishes)
鱘形目 (Sturgeons and paddlefishes) >
Acipenseridae (Sturgeons)
鱘科 (Sturgeons) > Acipenserinae
Etymology: Acipenser: Latin, acipenser = sturgeon, 1853 (Ref. 45335); gueldenstaedtii: Named for Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745-1781)..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 2 - 100 m, usually 10 - 25 m. 溫帶; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 61°N - 35°N, 26°E - 54°E
Eurasia: Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Caspian Sea basins. Introduced throughout Europe.
歐亞大陸: 黑海，亞速海與裡海, 進入所有的主要河川哪一並未居住其中.(頓河，庫邦河，多瑙河，聶伯河 (稀有的), 第聶伯河) 國際間的買賣限制 ( 引用2, 自從 1.4.98 以後; 公分 附錄 2).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 236 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59043); common length : 145 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3561); 最大體重: 115.0 kg (Ref. 6866); 最大年齡: 46 年 (Ref. 3561)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 27-48; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 35. Under the name A. g. colchicus. Lower lip not continuous, interrupted at center. Five rows of scutes: dorsal 7-19, lateral 24-44 on each side, ventral 6-13 on each side, with lines of smaller stellate bony plates between the dorsal and ventral rows. Color of back olivaceous grey, flanks lighter, and belly white.
被稱為 A. g 。 colchicus. 下唇不是連續, 在中心中斷。 五個列的鱗甲: 背部的 7-19, 側面的 24-44 在兩邊上, 腹面 6-13 在兩邊上, 與在背部與腹面列之間的比較小星形的骨質板的線。 背面的顏色灰橄欖色的﹐側面顏色較淡﹐與腹部白色的。
Anadromous and freshwater populations exist. At the sea, it occurs in shallow coastal and estuarine zones. In freshwaters, it inhabits deep parts of large rivers with moderate to swift current (Ref. 59043). Found mainly near the shore over sand and mud. Usually solitary, but swarms when hibernating or during spawning migrations. Occasionally forms schools (Ref. 3241). Feeds on benthic molluscs, crustaceans and small fishes. Spawns on stone or gravel bottom in large and deep rivers with strong current, 1-1.5 m/s (Ref. 59043). Mainly propagated through artificial reproduction.
主要地在沙子與泥上的海岸附近發現。 通常獨居性的, 但是當過冬的時候成群地移動或在生殖迴游的時候。 偶然地形成魚群。 (參考文獻 3241) 吃軟體動物，甲殼動物與小魚。 (鯷魚，鯡魚, 鰕虎魚) 從五月到六月產卵。 主要地以人工繁殖方式繁殖了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Under the name A. g. colchicus. Spawns in rivers. Natural spawning not extensive, maintained chiefly by artificial propagation. Enters rivers from April to June (a few in autumn).歐亞大陸: 黑海，亞速海與裡海, 進入所有的主要河川哪一並未居住其中.(頓河，庫邦河，多瑙河，聶伯河 (稀有的), 第聶伯河) 國際間的買賣限制 ( 引用2, 自從 1.4.98 以後; 公分 附錄 2).
Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii, 1989. Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (A2bcde); Date assessed: 14 September 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.7 - 15.9, mean 13.8 °C (based on 32 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00437 (0.00268 - 0.00711), b=3.12 (2.99 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (tm=11; Fec = 26,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.6 [8.4, 25.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.247 [0.150, 0.396] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [14.9, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.342 [0.189, 0.611] g/100g; Selenium = 23.6 [12.0, 45.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.63 [1.97, 16.00] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.512 [0.365, 0.722] mg/100g (wet weight);
