分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mugiliformes (Mullets)
鱸形目 (Mullets) >
Mugilidae (Mullets)
鯔科 (Mullets)
Etymology: Chelon: Greek, chelone = turtle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Risso.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 降海洄游 (Ref. 59043); 深度上下限 10 - 20 m (Ref. 30578). 溫帶; 60°N - 15°N, 32°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: from the coasts of southern Norway to Cape Verde, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (Ref. 2804, Ref. 51442, 116118). Records of its occurrence in tropical waters are based on misidentifications (Ref. 3573).
東大西洋: 距離海岸南方挪威到摩洛哥, 包括地中海與黑海.(參考文獻 2804, 參考文獻 51442) 在熱帶水域的它的發生的記錄是以誤鑑為依據.(參考文獻 3573)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 25.9, range 25 - 32 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4645); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3646); 最大體重: 2.9 kg (Ref. 40476); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 40476)
背棘 (總數): 4 - 5; 背的軟條 (總數): 7-10; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 9. Fusiform body (Ref. 51442). Massive head, flattened above the eyes (Ref. 51442). Small mouth (Ref. 51442). Snout short and blunt (Ref. 51442). Two dorsal fins well-separated, the first with 4 to 5 spines (Ref. 40476, Ref. 51442). Pectoral fins are placed high on the flanks (Ref. 51442). Large scales (Ref. 51442). Dorsal sides and flanks gray-colored, ventral side white (Ref. 51442).
紡錘型身體.(參考文獻 51442) 大的頭部, 平的了上方眼。 (參考文獻 51442) 小的嘴.(參考文獻 51442) 吻短與鈍的.(參考文獻 51442) 二個背鰭分得很開, 第一個有 4 到 5根棘.(參考文獻 40476, 參考文獻 51442) 胸鰭被高高地位於側面上。 (參考文獻 51442) 大的鱗片.(參考文獻 51442) 背部兩側與側面灰色的, 腹的旁白色.(參考文獻 51442)
Adults are pelagic occurring near shore, entering lagoons and lower reaches of rivers in schools; often in polluted waters (Ref. 51442, 59043) between temperatures 8-24°C. Juveniles colonize the littoral zone and estuaries (Ref. 51442). Adults feed on epiphytic algae, detritus and small benthic or planktonic organisms, pelagic eggs and larvae while juveniles feed on zooplankton until about 3.0 cm SL, then on benthic animals and plants (Ref. 59043). Spawning takes place at sea near the coast between September and February (Ref. 30578, 51442). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Adults undergo migrations (Ref. 51442).
迴游種.(參考文獻 51442) 產卵在九月與二月之間在聚集的時候在海岸的附近海上發生。 (參考文獻 30578, 參考文獻 51442) 卵在海洋中發育而且稚魚移殖至海濱的區域與河口。 (參考文獻 51442) 成魚進入河的下面部份。 (參考文獻 51442) 他們通常生活近海, 進入在溫度 8-24 ° C. 之間的潟湖與河口與河 捕食附生植物的藻類，碎屑與小型底棲或浮游性生物, 大洋性的卵與仔魚。 卵生的, 卵是大洋性與非黏性物.(參考文獻 205)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawning takes place at sea near the coast by gathering in groups between September and February (Ref. 51442). The eggs develop at sea (Ref. 51442). The juveniles then colonize the littoral zone and the estuaries (Ref. 51442). Adults enter the lower parts of the rivers and treturn to the sea to spawn (Ref. 51442).東大西洋: 距離海岸南方挪威到摩洛哥, 包括地中海與黑海.(參考文獻 2804, 參考文獻 51442) 在熱帶水域的它的發生的記錄是以誤鑑為依據.(參考文獻 3573)
Thomson, J.M., 1990. Mugilidae. p. 855-859. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7399)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.7 - 20.1, mean 11.8 °C (based on 314 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00743 - 0.01172), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.3 ±0.20 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.4 (3.2 - 7.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.15; tm=3-5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.3 [5.2, 148.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.275 [0.165, 0.453] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 1.14 [0.46, 2.94] g/100g; Selenium = 3.21 [1.26, 8.34] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.98 [2.20, 38.02] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.485 [0.343, 0.670] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
