分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Pterogymnus: Greek, pteron = wing, fin + Greek, gymnos = naked (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 深度上下限 20 - 150 m (Ref. 27121). 亞熱帶的; 17°S - 36°S
Southeast Atlantic: Namibia (Ref. 27121) and South Africa to Beira, Mozambique (Ref. 3198).
東南大西洋: 那米比亞 (參考文獻 27121) 與南非至莫三比克的貝菈港.(參考文獻 3198)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 20.4 range ? - 26 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3669); common length : 27.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3507)
背棘 (总数): 12; 背的软条 (总数): 10; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Lips furry.
唇毛皮的。
Found in coastal waters, over soft bottoms (Ref. 27121). Forms large schools (Ref. 5213). Sold fresh.
发现于沿岸水域了, 在软质底部之上。 (参考文献 27121) 形成大群鱼群。 (参考文献 5213) 生鲜贩卖了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, e.g., Ref. 34231 describe this species as being a gonochorist (Ref. 28504). After clarificatory analyses on the protogynous characteristics (Ref. 7124) of this species, gonochorism is confirmed (Ref. 103751).東南大西洋: 那米比亞 (參考文獻 27121) 與南非至莫三比克的貝菈港.(參考文獻 3198)
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.4 - 25.2, mean 18.5 °C (based on 33 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00997 - 0.02764), b=3.05 (2.91 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.13-0.19; tm=6-7; tmax=11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 55.3 [30.5, 101.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.825 [0.468, 1.410] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.385 [0.264, 0.575] g/100g; Selenium = 29.6 [14.6, 55.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.1 [5.9, 63.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.805 [0.574, 1.140] mg/100g (wet weight);
