分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 60 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 29°N - 27°S, 33°E - 171°W (Ref. 5222)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa and the Phoenix Islands, north to Japan, south to Australia. Unknown from the Persian Gulf, Hawaii, and French Polynesia. Often confused with Epinephelus polyphekadion (=Epinephelus microdon of recent authors).
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到美屬薩摩亞與鳳凰島,北至日本, 南至澳洲。 未知的從波斯灣，夏威夷與法屬玻里尼西亞。 時常與 清水石斑魚〔Epinephelus polyphekadion〕 互相混淆。 (=最近作家的 小牙石斑魚〔Epinephelus microdon〕 )
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 48.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2114); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9137); 最大體重: 11.0 kg (Ref. 5222); 最大年齡: 40 年 (Ref. 74383)
背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 14-15; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body moderately deep, its depth 2.6-2.9 in SL (for specimens 11-55 cm SL); head length 2.3-2.5 in SL; interorbital area flat or slightly concave; dorsal head profile of adults indented at eyes and distinctly convex from there to dorsal-fin origin; rounded preopercle, finely serrate; upper edge of operculum distinctly convex, descending almost vertically to rear end of operculum; ventral edge of preorbital bone indented below nostrils; maxilla extends well posterior to eye; midlateral part of lower jaw with 3 or 4 rows of teeth; posterior nostrils triangular, 4-7 times larger than anteriors in adults; gill rakers on first gill arch 10-12 + 17-21 (rudiments often difficult to count), gill rakers short and stout, raker at angle subequal to longest gill filaments, other rakers distinctly shorter; cycloid scales except ctenoid in juvenile; body with auxiliary scales; caudal fin rounded; pectoral-fin rays 18-20; lateral-line scales 52 to 58. Colour: pale yellowish brown, with 5 vertical series of dark brown blotches that are very irregular in outline; head, body, and fins covered with close-set small brown spots, those on the dark blotches much darker than spots in between blotches; caudal peduncle with small black saddle dorsally; 2 or 3 faint, dark bars at side of jaws (Ref. 39231, 89707).
小的稚魚 (<8 公分) 在頭部與身體上有小的六角形的斑點後部變的較大與在垂直的鰭上.(參考文獻 37816)
Occurs in lagoon pinnacles, channels, and outer reef slopes, in coral-rich (Ref. 1937) areas and with clear waters. Juveniles in seagrass beds (Ref. 30573, 41878). Feeds on fishes, crabs, and cephalopods. May be ciguatoxic in some areas (Ref. 1602). Mainly active at dusk (Ref. 48635). Palau fishers increase their drop-line and spear-gun catches through knowledge of reproductive cycle of remochel, one of most important species in the area (Ref. 2928). Cultured under experimental conditions in the Philippines; a candidate for aquaculture in Singapore. In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Caught with hook-and-line, traps, and spear and occasionally seen in local markets (Ref. 39231).
出現於潟湖峰頂，峽道與外礁斜坡, 在珊瑚礁繁盛的 (參考文獻 1937) 區域中與且水流清澈的地方。 稚魚在海草床。 (參考文獻 30573,41878) 捕食魚類, 螃蟹 , 與頭足類動物。 在一些地區的可能具有熱帶海魚毒.(參考文獻 1602) 主要活躍在薄暮.(參考文獻 48635) 帛琉漁夫經過 remochel 的生殖周期的知識增加他們的繫流網與魚槍捕獲, 在區域中的最重要種之一.(參考文獻 2928) 在菲律賓在實驗的情況養殖; 為在新加坡的水產業的一個候選魚種。 在香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到美屬薩摩亞與鳳凰島,北至日本, 南至澳洲。 未知的從波斯灣，夏威夷與法屬玻里尼西亞。 時常與 清水石斑魚〔Epinephelus polyphekadion〕 互相混淆。 (=最近作家的 小牙石斑魚〔Epinephelus microdon〕 )
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.4 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 1118 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00704 - 0.01558), b=3.03 (2.92 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.72 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.16-0.20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (91 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.8 [8.2, 37.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.411 [0.216, 0.842] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.3, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.109 [0.066, 0.180] g/100g; Selenium = 42.7 [24.5, 79.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 116 [32, 420] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.985 [0.688, 1.401] mg/100g (wet weight);
