Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة قاعية التغذية و المعيشة; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 0 - 275 m (Ref. 58426), usually 30 - 100 m (Ref. 56557). Temperate; 63°N - 32°N, 145°E - 21°W (Ref. 57358)
Arctic, Northwest to Northeast Pacific: Arctic Alaska to the Sea of Japan and Balboa Island, southern California, USA. Western Atlantic: northern Quebec, Canada to North Carolina, USA. The Arctic and Pacific populations may be a separate species, distinct from the Atlantic populations (Ref. 7251).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?, range 11 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 56394); common length : 17.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 56557); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 100.00 g (Ref. 56527); العمر: 11 سنين (Ref. 56557)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع): 58-63; شوكة شرجية 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 28 - 31; فقرات: 68 - 72. Resembles A personatus in body shape but distinguished by its numerous dorsal fin rays (58 to 63 against 55 to 59) an vertebrae (68 against 67), and larger eyes. Lateral plicae 144 to 161.
May occur in large schools near the surface both inshore and offshore, but also buries itself in sand (Ref. 2850). Inshore, found from intertidal to subtidal areas (Ref. 2850). Offshore, found near the surface over deep water (Ref. 2850). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Juveniles and adults feed on zooplankton (Ref. 28499). Utilized dried or salted and frozen; sometimes targeted as a raw material for fishmeal; eaten fried (Ref. 9988).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
مزيد من المعلومات
المتعاونينصورStamps, Coins Misc.اصواتالتسمم باكل السمكسرعةنوع السباحةمنطقة الخياشيمعظمة الأذندماغرؤية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.5 - 8.9, mean 3.4 °C (based on 527 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00141 - 0.00468), b=3.15 (2.99 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (tm=2-3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.2 [17.7, 66.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.29 [0.16, 0.53] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [17.0, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.425 [0.202, 0.872] g/100g; Selenium = 15.9 [6.5, 35.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 42.7 [13.4, 141.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.874 [0.593, 1.270] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
