分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 35388), usually 100 - 400 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 75°N - 35°N, 55°W - 44°E (Ref. 54595)
Northwest Atlantic: off southern Greenland and Canada. Northeast Atlantic: Barents Sea and Iceland to Morocco. Mediterranean Sea: northwestern Mediterranean only.
西北大西洋: 外海的格陵蘭南部與加拿大。 東北大西洋: 巴倫支海與冰島到摩洛哥。 地中海: 稀有的在在西北部的地中海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 92.5, range 90 - 100 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 106 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大体重: 45.0 kg (Ref. 35388); 最大年龄: 25 年 (Ref. 35388)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 75-83; 臀鳍软条: 58 - 64; 脊椎骨: 63 - 65. Upper jaw projecting beyond lower one. Color is reddish brown dorsally, grading to white ventrally. The posterior areas of the vertical fins dark with pale margins. The sides distinctly marbled (Ref. 232). Barbel is present in the chin, longer than the diameter of the eye. Black spot in the rear end of the first dorsal fin. Caudal peduncle stout compared to blue ling (Ref. 35388).
上颌突出的超过低的。 色彩是红褐色的背面, 渐层色到腹侧白色的。 垂直的鳍的后面的区域深色且有灰白的边缘。 侧边明显地有大理石花纹。 (参考文献 232) 触须是出现在下巴，长度超过眼的直径。 在第一背鳍的后端中的黑色斑点。 尾柄矮胖的相较于蓝色的鳕.(参考文献 35388)
Occurs mainly on rocky bottoms in fairly deep water (Ref. 9988). Found more commonly from 100 to 400 m. Feeds on fish (cod, herring, flatfish), lobsters, cephalopods and starfishes. Principal spawning areas are Biscay, slopes west of the British Isles and off the Faeroes and southern Iceland (Ref. 35388). Marketed fresh, dried or salted and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
在相当深的水主要生存在岩石底部。 (参考文献 9988) 从 100 到 400 公尺更通常发现。 吃鱼 (鳕鱼，鲱鱼比目鱼) ，龙虾，头足类动物与海星。 在市场上销售新鲜的, 乾燥或盐腌与冷冻了; 清蒸, 油炸, 火烤了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988) 主要的产卵区是 Biscay 斜坡位于不列颠群岛西方与外海的法罗群岛与冰岛南部。 (参考文献 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Major spawning grounds are located at 200 m depth from the Bay of Biscay to the Gulf of Norway at 100 to 300 m off southern Iceland, and at 50 to 300 m in the Mediterranean Sea. Fecundity may reach 20 to 60 million eggs per female (Ref. 1371). 西北大西洋: 外海的格陵蘭南部與加拿大。 東北大西洋: 巴倫支海與冰島到摩洛哥。 地中海: 稀有的在在西北部的地中海。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.6 - 11.3, mean 7.7 °C (based on 438 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00241 - 0.00628), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.12; tm=5-6; tmax=25; Fec=60 million).
Prior r = 0.51, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.77, Based on 7 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.2 [7.4, 33.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.278 [0.140, 0.600] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.368 [0.197, 0.685] g/100g; Selenium = 32.5 [16.9, 66.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.35 [2.10, 31.25] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.28 [0.18, 0.44] mg/100g (wet weight);
