分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Boreogadus: Greek, boreas = north wind + Latin, gadus = a fish, cod? (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 12074); 深度上下限 0 - 1383 m (Ref. 58426), usually 0 - 400 m (Ref. 1371). 極; -2°C - 8°C (Ref. 96379); 87°N - 52°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 1371)
Circumpolar in the Arctic. North Atlantic: White Sea, Iceland, and southern Greenland into the Miramichi River, New Brunswick in Canada. North Pacific: Bering Sea to Cape Olyutorski, the Pribilof Islands, and Bristol Bay.
在北極圈的極地附近。 北大西洋: 進入 Miramichi 河，加拿大的新布蘭斯維克之內的白海，冰島與格陵蘭南部。 北太平洋: 白令海到岬 Olyutorski ， Pribilof 島與布里斯多海灣。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大年龄: 7 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 42-57; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 33 - 44; 脊椎骨: 49 - 57. Caudal fin deeply concave. Lower jaw slightly longer than upper jaw. Chin barbel very small. No lateral line pores on head. Scales small and embedded, not overlapping. Brownish along the back with many fine points; the sides and belly silvery; the fins dusky with pale margins (Ref. 1371).
尾鳍深深地凹曲。 下颌略长于上颌。 下巴触须非常小的。 没有在头部上的侧线孔。 鳞片小且深嵌, 不是部分重叠。 褐色的沿着背面有许多细的点; 侧边与腹面银色的; 鳍暗色的有灰白的边缘.(参考文献 1371)
Occurs in coastal habitats during summer and winter (Ref. 1371). Cryopelagic or epontic, from surface down to 1383 m (Ref. 58426). In the Beaufort Sea, it may also be found in brackish lagoons and in almost fresh water in river mouths (Ref. 1371). Although associated with the occurrence of ice (White Sea), it is present in ice-free near-shore waters (Alaska) (Ref. 1371). Onshore-offshore movements are associated with spawning and movements of the ice (Ref. 27547). Feeds mostly on epibenthic mysids, also amphipods, copepods and fishes (Ref. 1371). Also caught with mid-water trawls (Ref. 1371). Utilized as fishmeal and source of oil (Ref. 1371). Euryhaline and eurythermic.
出现于海岸的栖息地夏天时与冬天.(参考文献 1371) 在碧佛海洋中，它也可能被发现于半咸淡的泻湖与在河口中的几乎淡水中.(参考文献 1371) 虽然伴随着冰 (白海) 的发生, 它是出现在不会冰冻的近岸水域 (阿拉斯加州).(参考文献 1371) 向陆及离陆的运动被伴随着产卵与冰的运动.(参考文献 27547) 大部份捕食浅海底栖糠虾，也吃端脚类动物，桡脚类的动物与鱼。 (参考文献 1371) 也用中层水域拖网捕获。 (参考文献 1371) 用来作鱼粉与油的来源了。 (参考文献 1371) 广盐性与广温性的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 101194). Fish move close inshore, often in large numbers to spawn (Ref. 27547).在北極圈的極地附近。 北大西洋: 進入 Miramichi 河，加拿大的新布蘭斯維克之內的白海，冰島與格陵蘭南部。 北太平洋: 白令海到岬 Olyutorski ， Pribilof 島與布里斯多海灣。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.3 - 4, mean 0.2 °C (based on 1585 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00360 - 0.00581), b=3.16 (3.09 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.9 (2.6 - 5.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22; tm=2-5; Fec=30,000).
Prior r = 0.32, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.48, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.7 [14.9, 76.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.406 [0.197, 0.920] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [15.0, 18.1] %; Omega3 = 0.269 [0.118, 0.607] g/100g; Selenium = 21.3 [7.3, 51.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.34 [1.69, 52.12] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.575 [0.351, 0.941] mg/100g (wet weight);
