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> Beloniformes (Needle fishes) > Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hemiramphus: Greek, hemi = half + Greek, rhamphos = bill, peak (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Gilbert & Starks.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 0 - ? m. Subtropical

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Panama, including the Galapagos Islands; rare in northern Baja California, Mexico. Range extends to Ecuador (Ref. 36576).

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2850); common length : 35.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9306); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 223.25 g (Ref. 124487)

deskripsi pendek Morfologi | Morfometrik

Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 12-15; Duri dubur 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 11 - 13; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 54 - 58. Body elongate; lower jaw very prolonged; upper jaw short, triangular, and without scales; lower branch of first gill arch with 26 to 32 gill rakers; fins lacking spines; pectoral fins long; caudal fin deeply forked, the lower lobe longer than the upper; anal fin with 10 to 13 rays; back dark blue; flanks and belly silvery white; edge of lower jaw red; upper lobe of caudal fin violet blue, its tip red (Ref. 55763). Branchiostegal rays: 13-15 (Ref. 36576).

An oceanic species which occurs near surface. Adults form very big schools (Ref. 9306). Feed on small fishes and planktonic organisms (Ref. 9306). Oviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36576). Eggs are attached to floating objects via filaments (Ref. 36576). Found in markets of Panama (Ref. 9306).

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

Oviparous (Ref. 36576).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator : Collette, Bruce B. | mitra

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

kurang bimbang (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 May 2007

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Harmless

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: komersial; umpan: occasionally

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Sumber internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 15.2 - 26.4, mean 19.7 °C (based on 68 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00398 (0.00220 - 0.00719), b=2.97 (2.82 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.65 se; based on food items.

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).

kategori harga (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Hemiramphus saltator Gilbert & Starks, 1904