Alosa macedonica, Macedonia shad : fisheries

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Alosa macedonica (Vinciguerra, 1921)

Macedonia shad
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Alosa macedonica
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分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

; 淡水 大洋性. 亞熱帶的; 41°N - 40°N, 23°E - 24°E

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Europe: Lakes Koronia (extirpated) and Volvi, Greece (ref. 59043).
歐洲: 希臘 Volvi 湖的特有種。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 12.4, range 11 - 14 cm
Max length : 35.1 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 10545); 最大體重: 600.00 g (Ref. 10545); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 10545)

簡短描述 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數): 3 - 4; 背的軟條 (總數): 12-14; 臀棘 3-4; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 21. This species is distinguished from its congeners entering the freshwater in Mediterranean basin by the following characters: gill rakers 106-128; teeth on palatine and vomer well-developed, especially in juveniles (Ref. 59043).

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Landlocked, lacustrine, pelagic, in upper water layers during summer and descending to deeper layers in winter. It spawns at 1-2 years, near shores above gravel or coarse sand, with most individuals spawning more than one season. Spawning starts when temperature reach about 19-20°C, in July to August (Ref. 59043). Adults form schools in the epilimnion during summer and tend to congregate in shallow waters near shores. They feed on plankton (cladocerans and copepods) and small fishes (Ref. 10545, 59043). It is threatened by water abstraction and pollution (Ref. 26100).

出現於平靜的水域中的一種生命期短的種。 成魚在表水層中形成魚群夏天時而且傾向聚集在近岸淺水區。 他們吃浮游生物與魚類。 (參考文獻 10545) 繁殖發生從四月到六月。 受到威脅的由於水資源減少與污染.(參考文獻 26100)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

Deposits eggs near the shore where the sediment consists of gravel or coarse sand (Ref. 10545). Most individuals spawn in more than one season (Ref. 59043).歐洲: 希臘 Volvi 湖的特有種。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Economidis, P.S. and A.I. Sinis, 1991. Alosa macedonica (Vinciguerra 1921). p. 297-308. In H. Hoestlandt (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 2. Clupeidae, Anguillidae. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. (Ref. 10545)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  次級保育類動物, 見 IUCN 紅皮書 (VU) (D2); Date assessed: 31 January 2006

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





人類使用

漁業: 低經濟
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網路資源

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00347 - 0.01045), b=2.95 (2.80 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.7   ±0.64 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1; tmax=10; K=0.403).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Low.