Gymnura altavela, Spiny butterfly ray : fisheries, gamefish

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Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758)

Spiny butterfly ray
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Gymnura altavela   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Gymnura altavela (Spiny butterfly ray)
Gymnura altavela
Picture by Flescher, D.

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii 板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 5 - 100 m (Ref. 6808). 亞熱帶的; 47°N - 39°S, 98°W - 42°E

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: southern New England, USA, Brazil (Ref. 7251) to Argentina (Ref. 58839). Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Ambriz, Angola (including the Mediterranean, Black Sea, and the Madeira and Canary islands).
西大西洋: 美國新英格蘭南部到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到安哥拉的安布裡甚 (包括地中海,黑海與馬得拉群島與加納利群島).

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 400 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3709); common length : 200 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3709); 最大体重: 60.0 kg (Ref. 4699)

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

Tail short armed with spine. Disk very broad. Very low dorsal and ventral finfolds on tail (Ref. 7251). Disk dark brown to grayish, lower surface of disc and of pelvic fins white, brownish, rosy or rusty cast. Tail white or rosy white below (Ref. 6902).
尾部短被覆了棘。 圆盘非常宽的。 在尾部上的非常低的背部与腹的鳍褶.(参考文献 7251) 圆盘体盘与腹鳍的深褐色到浅灰色又低表面白色的,褐色的,和玫瑰红色或赭色的。 尾部白色或红白色在.之下 (参考文献 6902)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Maximum length measured is 140 cm (Ref. 5377). Occurs over sand and mud. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans, mollusks and plankton. Ovoviviparous, gestation lasting about 6 months with 4 to 7 embryos produced per female (Ref. 6676).

测量的最大的长度是 140 公分。 (参考文献 5377) 生活在沙子与泥之上。 吃鱼,甲壳动物,软件动物与浮游生物。 卵胎生的, 大约 6个月持续的妊娠对 7个胚胎有四个每次生产。

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 美國新英格蘭南部到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到安哥拉的安布裡甚 (包括地中海,黑海與馬得拉群島與加納利群島).

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : McEachran, John | 合作者

Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Raies et autres batoides. p. 845-886. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identificationpour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Mèditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3261)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  濒危 (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 21 June 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的





人类利用

渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
FAO - 渔业: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋

更多信息

俗名
同种异名
新陈代谢
捕食者
生态毒物学
繁殖
成熟度
产卵场
产卵群集
孕卵数

卵的发育
年龄范围
成长
体长-体重
体长-体长
体长-频率
形态测量图
型态特徵
仔鱼
稚鱼动力学
入添量
丰度
BRUVS
参考文献
养殖
养殖信息
品种
遗传学
Electrophoreses
遗传率
疾病
加工
Nutrients
Mass conversion
合作者
照片
Stamps, Coins Misc.
声音
神经毒
速度
泳型
鳃区
Otoliths
脑重体重比
眼睛色素

工具

特别资料

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网络资源

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | 核实 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: , | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - 渔业: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: 基因组, 核苷酸 | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | 国家资料库 | OceanAdapt | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | 树状分类阶层 | Wikipedia: 转至, 搜寻 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 动物学的记录

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 14.9 - 27.8, mean 23.6 °C (based on 860 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00613 - 0.02054), b=3.11 (2.94 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec 4-7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (60 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 10.2 [1.9, 47.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.577 [0.144, 1.583] mg/100g; Protein = 23.6 [20.2, 26.5] %; Omega3 = 0.252 [0.073, 0.785] g/100g; Selenium = 28.7 [8.6, 87.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.86 [1.23, 11.42] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.398 [0.197, 0.731] mg/100g (wet weight);