分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 降海洄游 (Ref. 46888); 深度上下限 2 - 15 m (Ref. 130217). 亞熱帶的; 65°N - 12°N, 24°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Scandinavia and Iceland (Ref. 4537) south to Senegal and Cape Verde. Also Mediterranean Sea; southwestern Black Sea (Ref. 2058).
東大西洋: 斯堪的那維亞半島與冰島 (參考文獻 4537) 南至塞內加爾與維德角。 也地中海; 西南方的黑海.(參考文獻 2058)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 29.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 35388); common length : 32.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7399); 最大体重: 4.5 kg (Ref. 35388); 最大年龄: 25 年 (Ref. 35388)
背棘 (总数): 5; 背的软条 (总数): 7-9; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 9
Adults are found inshore in schools, frequently entering brackish lagoons and freshwater (Ref. 30578). They migrate occasionally tending to move northward in summer-time as temperatures rise. Females are larger than males (Ref. 59043). Adults feed mainly on benthic diatoms, epiphytic algae, small invertebrates and detritus (Ref. 2804), juveniles only feed on zooplankton (Ref. 59043). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Reproduction occurs in the sea during winter (Ref. 30578). Eggs and larvae pelagic. Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 4645).
生活于近海, 进入半咸淡的泻湖与淡水.(参考文献 30578) 偶然地回游。 在夏天倾向移动北方当那温度上升。 主要吃底栖的硅藻，附生植物的藻类，小型无脊椎动物与碎屑。 (参考文献 2804) 卵生的.(参考文献 205) 在冬天期间繁殖发生于海洋。 (参考文献 30578) 卵与仔鱼大洋性。 作为食用鱼.(参考文献 4645)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Juveniles around 2.0 cm SL move to coastal lagoons and estuaries in April-June and return to sea in summer (Ref. 59043).東大西洋: 斯堪的那維亞半島與冰島 (參考文獻 4537) 南至塞內加爾與維德角。 也地中海; 西南方的黑海.(參考文獻 2058)
Thomson, J.M., 1986. Mugilidae. p. 344-349. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC; Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3573)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.8 - 20.1, mean 11 °C (based on 420 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00559 - 0.00939), b=3.11 (3.03 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.6 ±0.32 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.8 (3.8 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.12-0.17; tm=3; tmax=25).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 39.2 [10.7, 335.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.623 [0.303, 1.151] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.5, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.399 [0.166, 0.964] g/100g; Selenium = 9.58 [3.60, 24.88] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.52 [2.12, 24.93] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.571 [0.342, 0.951] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
