分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Galaxiiformes (Southern smelts)
胡瓜魚目 (Southern smelts) >
Galaxiidae (Galaxiids)
南乳魚科 (Galaxiids) > Galaxiinae
Etymology: Galaxias: Greek, galaxias, ou = a kind of fish (Ref. 45335); olidus: Name from Latin 'fusc', meaning brown, dark, dusky or tawny; possibly referring to the distinctive and dark bars on the sides of the body which the author referred to as '..prominent dark oval blotches..'; live colouration of the majority of Galaxias fuscus is a dusky orange-brown, and the type material is currently also a tawny colour, hence the species name is apt..
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 0 - 1 m (Ref. 98815). 溫帶; 4°C - 30°C (Ref. 2060)
Oceania: endemic to Australia
大洋洲: 丘陵地與子從昆士蘭南部到東方澳洲南部的澳洲東南部的高山區域, 在河流域中注入到海岸從大的分開範圍以及那些個流動的內陸到 Murray-Darling 流域。 記錄自以單一標本為依據的袋鼠島，澳洲南部了。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 10.7 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 98815); common length : 7.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5259); 最大體重: 25.00 g (Ref. 98815); 最大年齡: 4 年 (Ref. 5259)
背的軟條 (總數): 7-12; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 14; 脊椎骨: 49 - 60. This species is distinguished by the following set of characters and careful comparison with the diagnoses, descriptions and geographical distributions of the other species: some populations, or individuals within a population, have a series of small, closely-spaced and short, distinct mid-lateral black bars, usually extending from near the pectoral fin base posteriorly to past the pelvic fin base, though equally as often, absent; body depth at vent moderately shallow (8.3-16.9 % SL); caudal peduncle length similar to that of caudal fin, relatively shortish, but moderately deep; dorsal midline usually partly flattened anteriorly from above pelvic fins; trunk with dorsal and ventral profiles relatively gently and evenly arched; interorbital often relatively flat though sometimes slightly to strongly convex; nostrils short to moderately long, usually non-visible from ventral view; mouth generally terminal, occasionally slightly sub-terminal; lower jaw shorter than upper jaw; caudal peduncle flanges usually low and long. generally reaching to, or near, the anal fin base; anal fin origin usually under 0.68 (0.21-1.14) distance posteriorly along dorsal fin base; pyloric caecae 1, more often 2, of moderate length (mean length of 3.1 % SL); gill rakers variable, short to moderately long and stout to moderately thin; expanded caudal fin rays usually equal to body depth through pectoral fin base, occasionally wider or narrower; lamina of paired fins oriented anterio-ventrally to ventrally; raised lamellae can be present on ventral surface of rays, and if so, weakly to strongly developed (Ref. 98815).
Facultative air-breathing in the genus (Ref. 126274); Adults live mainly in small, clear, flowing streams with gravel or sand bottoms from near sea level to about 1800 m elevation. May be cryptic, living among log debris and boulders, or sometimes found in loose shoals in more open conditions. Also occur in small upland tarns where they may be found shoaling in open water. Tolerant of very cold water, they have been collected from a tarn surrounded by deep snow. Life cycle (maximum life span of about 4 years) is restricted to fresh water. Feed on benthic and drifting invertebrates. Mature individuals breed in spring (sometimes extending to autumn); adults move upstream into shallow riffle areas to lay their demersal, adhesive eggs over rocky bottoms (Ref. 44894).
主要生活在小的中。 清澈又流動的溪流在底部為礫石或砂的地方從近的海平面到大約 1800 公尺海拔。 可能是善於隱藏的, 生活在廢棄圓木與大圓石之中, 否則有時發現於鬆散的魚群在比較開放的情況。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
大洋洲: 丘陵地與子從昆士蘭南部到東方澳洲南部的澳洲東南部的高山區域, 在河流域中注入到海岸從大的分開範圍以及那些個流動的內陸到 Murray-Darling 流域。 記錄自以單一標本為依據的袋鼠島，澳洲南部了。
Raadik, T.A., 2014. Fifteen from one: a revision of the Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 complex (Teleostei, Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia recognises three previously described taxa and describes 12 new species. Zootaxa 3898(1):001-198. (Ref. 98815)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 February 2019
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00227 - 0.01008), b=3.07 (2.88 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
