分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers)
裸頰鯛科 (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus: Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 2 - 100 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 28°N - 26°S, 32°E - 82°E
Indian Ocean: Red Sea and East Africa to Sri Lanka. References to this species from the Central Pacific probably refer to Lethrinus atkinsoni.
西印度洋: 紅海而且東非到斯里蘭卡。 關於這一個種從中太平洋的參考可能指的是 太平洋裸頰鯛〔Lethrinus atkinsoni〕 。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 19 - ? cm
Max length : 65.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2295); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2295); 最大年齡: 27 年 (Ref. 42001)
背棘 (總數): 10; 背的軟條 (總數): 9; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Body color is yellow to greenish-blue, becoming lighter ventrally; usually with nine or ten dusky yellow-green or brown bars. The head is purplish gray, sometimes with a red blotch on the nape. A red bar is at the base of pectoral fin, sometimes extending broadly below and above the pectoral fin base to the edge of the operculum. The base of the upper and sometimes lower rays of pectoral fin is red. The base and tips of the pelvic fins are often red. The membranes of the dorsal fin is red (sometimes restricted to the base of the fins). The anal fin is whitish with the membranes between the forward rays often red. The caudal fin, especially the tips is reddish.
體色是黃色到藍綠色的, 變成腹部顏色較淡; 通常有九或十暗黃色-綠色或褐色橫帶。 頭部是帶紫色的灰色, 在後頸上有時有一個紅色的斑塊。 一條紅色的橫帶在胸鰭基底, 有時寬廣地延伸在下面而且在鰓蓋的胸鰭基底到邊緣之上。 基底那上面的與有時胸鰭的低鰭條是紅色的。 基底與腹鰭的頂端時常是紅色的。 背鰭的薄膜是紅色的。 (有時侷限於鰭的基底) 臀鰭是時常微白色的具有在向前的鰭條之間的薄膜紅色的。 尾鰭, 頂端是淡紅的尤其。
Found over reef areas and adjacent sandy and seagrass areas (Ref. 30573, 41878). Feeds mainly on echinoderms (most frequently sea urchins), crustaceans and fishes; mollusks, tunicates, sponges, polychaetes and other worms are consumed in lesser quantities. A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). In most areas of the Red Sea, it is considered an excellent food fish but in certain areas of the Indian Ocean it may have an unpleasant 'coral' smell and taste (Ref. 2295, 11888). Utilized fresh for broiling and baking (Ref. 9987).
發現在礁區上.與毗連的沙與海草區域.(參考文獻 30573,41878) 主要吃棘皮動物 (最時常海膽) ，甲殼動物和魚類; 軟體動物，被囊類，海綿, 多毛類與其他的蠕蟲被少量食用。 一個雌性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 55367) 在紅海的大多數區域中，它一般認為一個優良的食用魚但是在它可能有一個不愉快的 '珊瑚' 氣味與滋味的印度洋的特定區域中.(參考文獻 2295,11888) 生鮮使用為燒與烤.(參考文獻 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Sex change was found to commonly occur between the ages of 5 and 6 years (Ref. 2295). A diandric species (Ref. 55367). Length and age at sex change occur at 32 cm TL and 16 yrs, respectively (Ref. 55367).西印度洋: 紅海而且東非到斯里蘭卡。 關於這一個種從中太平洋的參考可能指的是 太平洋裸頰鯛〔Lethrinus atkinsoni〕 。
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 28 June 2018
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.4 - 29.2, mean 27.5 °C (based on 406 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00856 - 0.02227), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.10-0.30; tm=3; tmax=27; Fec=26,700).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.7 [21.0, 41.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.709 [0.463, 0.998] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [17.3, 22.0] %; Omega3 = 0.118 [0.084, 0.162] g/100g; Selenium = 50.7 [25.2, 78.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33 [7, 181] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.28 [1.74, 2.84] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
