分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 50 - 848 m (Ref. 56504), usually ? - 150 m (Ref. 10780). 深水域; 52°N - 15°S, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles and English Channel to Angola, including the Mediterranean.
東大西洋: 不列顛群島與英倫海峽到安哥拉, 包括地中海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 22 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 18.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397)
Depth range from 50-600 m (Ref. 10780) and from 288-848 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Gregarious. Occurs on muddy or rocky bottoms of the shelf. Digs the mud with its rostrum, searching for prey; stands and walks on the bottom with its free pectoral rays. After a pelagic existence, the juveniles live in coastal waters before migrating to deeper waters (Ref. 6556). Minimum depth range taken from Ref. 27000.
在爱奥尼亚的海洋东部中的来自 50-600 公尺 (参考文献 10780) 与 288-848 公尺的深度范围.(参考文献 56504) 群居的。 生活于泥泞的或大陆棚的岩石底部。 掘土泥用它的喙,寻找猎物; 在底部上的台子与步行用它的分离胸鳍鳍条。 在一个大洋性的生存之后，稚鱼在洄游至之前生活于沿岸水域较深的水域。 (参考文献 6556) 最小深度范围取自了参考文献 27000.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 不列顛群島與英倫海峽到安哥拉, 包括地中海。
Wheeler, A., 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204)
人类利用
渔业: 自给性渔业
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8 - 17.4, mean 13.8 °C (based on 488 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00338 - 0.00539), b=3.05 (2.99 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 6.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.9 [17.3, 71.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.489 [0.251, 0.952] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [16, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.612 [0.261, 1.769] g/100g; Selenium = 19.4 [8.7, 46.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.1 [2.7, 44.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.417 [0.286, 0.617] mg/100g (wet weight);
