分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Tenualosa: Latin, tenuis = thin + Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 26929). 熱帶; 23°N - 7°S, 70°E - 119°E (Ref. 54917)
Indo-West Pacific: India to the Java Sea and the South China Sea. Newly recorded from Mauritius (Ref. 33390). May be found in Cambodian Mekong near the Viet Nam border (Ref. 12693).
印度-西太平洋: 印度到爪哇海與南中國海。 最近從模里西斯記錄。 (參考文獻 33390) 可能被發現於在越南邊緣附近的高棉湄公河。 (參考文獻 12693)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 29.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12693); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4832); 最大年齡: 2.00 年 (Ref. 26929)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0. Belly with 28 to 30 scutes. A distinct median notch in upper jaw, which distinguishes it from other similar clupeids, except Hilsa kelee. Gill rakers fine but not numerous, 60 to 100 on lower part of arch. Caudal fin short. At most, a dark diffuse mark behind gill opening, but no other spots on flank.
腹面有 28 到 30個鱗甲。 除了 Hilsa kelee 以外,在上頜中的一個明顯的中央凹槽,可用來與其他的相似鯡魚區別。 鰓耙細的但是不是很多,60 到 100 在弓的較下面的部位上。 尾鰭短。 最多, 在鰓裂後面的一個黑的擴散標誌, 但是沒有在側面上的其他的斑點。
Inhabits fast-flowing, turbid estuaries and adjacent coastal waters (Ref. 26929). Schooling in coastal waters, euryhaline and perhaps anadromous, ascending rivers to breed (but in some areas fishery workers claim that it does not). A protandrous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Presumably its biology is similar to that of T. ilisha, but the fewer gill rakers suggest that it takes larger food organisms. Reported to feed on zooplankton (Ref. 58784). More data needed especially since it is not always distinguished from T. ilisha, especially at juvenile stages. Marketed fresh or dried-salted.
棲息於快速流動又混濁的河口與毗連的沿岸水域。 (參考文獻 26929) 群游於沿岸水域, 廣鹽性與也許溯河洄游產卵的, 溯溪產卵.(但是在一些地區漁場工人要求那一個它不會) 一個雄性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 55367) 它的生物學特性是推測為類似 T. ilisha, 但是較少的鰓耙顯示出，它捕食較大的獵物。 報告的覓食浮游動物.(參考文獻 58784) 由於它是與不常區分的 T. ilisha ，需要更多的資料尤其, 尤其在幼齡期。 在市場上銷售生鮮地.或乾燥鹽醃。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
A semelparous species, but although each individual spawns only once and then dies, the spawning season for the species as a whole lasts from May to November (Ref. 26929). A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Sex change occurs at a length of 11.0 cm TL and 1.24 years of age (Ref. 55367).印度-西太平洋: 印度到爪哇海與南中國海。 最近從模里西斯記錄。 (參考文獻 33390) 可能被發現於在越南邊緣附近的高棉湄公河。 (參考文獻 12693)
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
更多資訊
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.1 - 29.2, mean 28.6 °C (based on 466 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00595 - 0.01605), b=3.09 (2.95 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.7; assuming tmax>3, fec > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 75.7 [56.7, 102.9] mg/100g; Iron = 2.21 [1.28, 3.67] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [16.1, 17.7] %; Omega3 = 0.553 [0.268, 1.150] g/100g; Selenium = 50 [21, 122] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.2 [4.8, 42.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.19 [0.77, 1.98] mg/100g (wet weight);
