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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Berg.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 半鹹淡水 大洋性. 溫帶; 48°N - 36°N, 46°E - 56°E (Ref. 188)
Former USSR and Asia: Caspian Sea.
前蘇聯與亞洲: 裡海。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); common length : 17.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188)
背棘 (總數): 3; 背的軟條 (總數): 13-14; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 19. Body shape `shad-like'; upper and lower head profiles strongly rounded. Gill rakers rather long and thin, equal to or usually longer than gill filaments. Teeth well developed in both jaws. Resembles A. saposchnikowii which has a more pointed head, the upper and lower jaw profiles straight; A. caspia has more gill rakers and A. brashnikovi is more slender and `herring-like'.
體型像非魚類一樣的'; 上、下頭部輪廓強烈地圓的。 鰓耙相當長而細的, 等於或通常長度超過鰓絲。 雙顎內的齒發展良好的。 與有一個更多的尖頭部，上、下頜的 A. saposchnikowii 相似輪廓很直; A. caspia 有更多的鰓耙，而且 A. brashnikovi 是更細長的與像鯡魚一樣的'.
Confined to semi-saline waters; non-anadromous, not entering fresh water. Spawns in the eastern part at the north end of Caspian Sea, from mid-May to end of June, mostly when temperatures are 18-20°C, salinities 8-10 ppt and at depths of around 3 m. The young move southward late in autumn, later than any other clupeids.
侷限於半-鹹度的水域了; 非溯河洄游產卵, 不進入淡水。 從五月中旬到六月的末端, 在裡海的北端產卵在東部, 大部份當溫度是 18-20 °C 的時候, 鹽度 8-10 ppt 而在深度大約 3 公尺。 幼魚晚秋天時向南移動, 遲於任何其他的鯡魚。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
前蘇聯與亞洲: 裡海。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業
更多資訊
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00370 - 0.01703), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
