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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Harengula: Old English haring, hering = mackerel, the fish Clupea harengus (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188). Subtropical; 31°N - 7°S, 99°W - 47°W (Ref. 188)
Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico and southeastern Florida to northern Brazil, including the Bahamas, the entire Caribbean and the West Indies.
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ?, range 7 - ? cm
Max length : 22.5 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 126891); common length : 10.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 188); max. veröff. Gewicht: 109.00 g (Ref. 126891)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt): 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt): 15-21; Afterflossenstacheln 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 12 - 23. Tooth-plate on tongue and tooth plate behind it (basihyal and basibranchials tooth plates) broad, their width about 3 to 5 times in their combined length, the basibranchial tooth plate with a distinct bulge in front. Scales fairly strongly attached, not easily lost. No dark pigment on dorsal fin tip (Ref. 188). Silvery, with a dark greenish back. Diffuse yellow or pale orange spot at edge of opercle. Body slender, lower profile not strongly curved (Ref. 7251).
Occurs in coastal waters, estuaries and lagoons, tolerating low salinities. Can tolerate a broad range of salinity levels (Ref. 26938). Forms schools, small individuals often along sandy beaches. Its flesh has an unpleasant odor. Utilized as fishmeal (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Köder: usually
Mehr Information
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.3 - 28, mean 26.8 °C (based on 230 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00791 - 0.01004), b=3.05 (3.02 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 64.6 [30.1, 127.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.50, 1.87] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [18.8, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.39 [0.21, 0.71] g/100g; Selenium = 14.5 [6.7, 31.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 65.7 [20.2, 208.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.1 [0.7, 1.8] mg/100g (wet weight);
