Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 0 - 20 m (Ref. 6390). Temperate; 27°S - 44°S
Eastern Indian Ocean: Endemic to Australian temperate waters (Murchison River, Kalbarri in Western Australia to Eden, New South Wales, including Tasmania).
Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 25 - ? cm
Max length : 52.0 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 10988); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 600.00 g (Ref. 6390); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 10 ປີ (Ref. 27011)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ): 0; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ): 15-18; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ 0; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 17 - 20; ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫຼັງ: 55 - 61. Gill rakers usually 33 or less on the first arch and usually 26 or less on the second arch. Relatively shorter upper and lower jaw, especially at larger sizes.
Found inshore in surface waters of estuaries, bays, inlets and gulfs to a depth of about 20 m (Ref. 9563). In the South Australian gulfs, southern sea garfish may be found in deeper waters during the colder months (Ref. 27008). Generally herbivorous, seagrasses and algal filaments comprise about 75% of their food (Refs. 26551, 27013). Form schools, generally found near the surface at night and close to the bottom over seagrass beds during the day (Ref. 6390). Post-larvae or young fish less than 1-year-old live in estuaries from March to July then move to inshore marine waters, remaining there for up to 2 years (Ref. 27012).
Collette, B.B., 1974. The garfishes (Hemiramphidae) of Australia and New Zealand. Records of the Australian Museum 29(2):11-105. (Ref. 10988)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ເຍື່ອ: usually
ຂໍ້ມູນຕື່ມອີກ
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳຂໍ້ມູນການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳສາຍພັນກຳມະພັນElectrophoresesການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກພະຍາດການປຸງແຕ່ງNutrientsMass conversion
ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມືຮູບStamps, Coins Misc.ສຽງຫອຍມີພິດຊະນິດນຶ່ງທີ່ອາໄສໃນທະເລຄວາມໄວປະເພດການລອຍເນື້ອທີ່ເຫືອກOtolithsສະໝອງວິໄສທັດ
ເຄື່ອງມື
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.3 - 22.3, mean 17.6 °C (based on 324 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00115 - 0.00574), b=3.09 (2.91 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.27 se; based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (K=0.51-0.77; tm=2-3; tmax=10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
