分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 5286). 亞熱帶的; 23°S - 35°S, 12°E - 31°E
Southeastern Atlantic to Western Indian Ocean: southern Africa (Walvis Bay to Durban) to southern Angola.
東南大西洋: 沃爾維斯灣到南非的德爾班.(在那裡它與 脂眼鯡〔Etrumeus teres〕 部分重疊) 直到最近互相混淆 脂眼鯡〔Etrumeus teres〕 不會出現在東大西洋.(參考文獻 27121)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 22.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 91762)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 18-20; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 12 - 13; 脊椎骨: 50. Numerous branchiostegal rays (11 to 15); without pre-and post pelvic scutes; W-shaped pelvic scute; rectangular pre-maxillae; pelvic fins less advanced and the isthmus with lateral flanges or `shoulders' as compared to Dussumieria.
很多的鰓條骨;(11 到 15) 沒有前而後腹鰭鱗甲; W 形的腹鰭鱗甲; 矩形的前顎; 腹鰭比較少量前進了與峽部，側面的邊緣或肩的相較於 Dussumieria.
Mainly an inshore species. Often forms shoals together with pilchard (Ref. 27121). Feeds on larger types of zooplankton (Ref. 27121).
主要地一個近海種。 時常表格以沙丁魚一起游入淺灘。 (參考文獻 27121) 吃較大型的浮游動物。 (參考文獻 27121)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東南大西洋: 沃爾維斯灣到南非的德爾班.(在那裡它與 脂眼鯡〔Etrumeus teres〕 部分重疊) 直到最近互相混淆 脂眼鯡〔Etrumeus teres〕 不會出現在東大西洋.(參考文獻 27121)
DiBattista, J.D., J.E. Randall and B.W. Bowen, 2012. Review of the round herrings of the genus Etrumeus (Clupeidae: Dussumieriinae) of Africa, with descriptions of two new species. Cybium 36(3):447-460. (Ref. 91762)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 November 2019
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.7 - 20.2, mean 15.6 °C (based on 31 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5098 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00196 - 0.01118), b=3.11 (2.90 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.7).
Prior r = 1.19, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.79, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 187 [84, 329] mg/100g; Iron = 1.78 [0.90, 3.49] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [19.3, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.377 [0.153, 0.756] g/100g; Selenium = 31.3 [15.0, 69.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.2 [3.9, 45.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.983 [0.661, 1.511] mg/100g (wet weight);
![Image of Etrumeus whiteheadi (Whitehead\](/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Etwhi_u0.gif "Image of Etrumeus whiteheadi (Whitehead\")