分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beryciformes (Sawbellies)
金眼鯛目 (Sawbellies) >
Berycidae (Alfonsinos)
金眼鯛科 (Alfonsinos)
Etymology: Beryx: Greek, beryx or berys = a name of a fish. Cuvier & Valenciennes (1829:221) precise that the name was used by Gesner from Varinus, but with no indication whatsoever helping identifying any species. After D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson (A glossary of Greek fishes, 1947), the name actually seems to come originally from Hesychius, but perhaps the name was not originally a fish name. Thompson compares it to meryx (ruminant), applied on skaros (Scarus), so it may have been applied on a parrot fish referring to its browsing/grazing behavior described by Aristoteles and followers..
More on author: Lowe.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 深度上下限 25 - 1300 m (Ref. 9833), usually 400 - 600 m (Ref. 27121). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 43°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal, excluding the northeast Pacific and Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 9833). Western Atlantic: Gulf of Maine to the Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 6743). Eastern Atlantic: off southwestern Europe and the Canary Islands (Ref. 7413) to South Africa (Ref. 4179). Indo-Pacific: East Africa (including Saya de Malha Bank, Ref. 33390) to Japan, Hawaii, Australia, and New Zealand (Ref. 5755). The limited number of records in the western Pacific is doubtless the result of limited fishing effort below 200 m (Ref. 9833). Eastern Pacific: Chile (Ref. 27363).
Circumglobal ，除了東北太平洋與地中海.(參考文獻 9833) 西大西洋: 緬因灣到墨西哥灣.(參考文獻 6743) 東大西洋: 外海的歐洲西南方與加納利群島 (參考文獻 7413) 到南非.(參考文獻 4179) 印度-太平洋: 東非 (包括 Saya de Malha 岸堤, 參考文獻 33390) 至日本，夏威夷，澳洲與紐西蘭.(參考文獻 5755) 在西太平洋的有限的數目紀錄在 200 公尺之下無疑地是限制魚撈的結果。 (參考文獻 9833) 東太平洋: 智利.(參考文獻 27363)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 33.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大體重: 4.0 kg (Ref. 43448); 最大年齡: 23 年 (Ref. 35874)
背棘 (總數): 4; 背的軟條 (總數): 13-16; 臀棘 4; 臀鰭軟條: 26 - 30. First infraorbital bone with a spine projecting laterally on anterior end. Lateral line extends to caudal fin. A fleshy disk on inner face of exposed area of scale. In young fishes, the 2nd dorsal ray is elongate (Ref. 559). Ref. 27363 notes pectoral fins with one spine and 17 soft rays (Ref. 27363).
第一個眶下骨有一根棘突出的側面地在前端上。 側線延伸到尾鰭。 在鱗片的裸露區域的內面上的一個肉質的圓盤。 在幼魚中，第二背鰭鰭條是延長。 (參考文獻 559) 參考文獻 27363個附註胸鰭有一根棘與 17個軟鰭條。 (參考文獻 27363)
Adults inhabit the outer shelf (180 m) and slope to at least 1,300 m depth, probably moving further from the bottom at night; often found over seamounts (Ref. 9833) and underwater ridges (Ref. 33648). Juveniles pelagic (Ref. 9072). Feed mainly on fish, crustaceans and cephalopods (Ref. 33648). Oviparous, spawn in batches (Ref. 30291). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 30291). Marketed frozen and eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
成魚棲息於外部的大陸棚 (180 公尺) 與斜坡到至少 1,300 公尺深, 可能從底部移動進一步在晚上; 時常發現在海洋山脊 (參考文獻 9833) 與在水中的脊上面.。 (參考文獻 33648) 稚魚是大洋性的。 (參考文獻 9072) 主要捕食魚，甲殼動物與頭足類動物。 (參考文獻 33648) 卵生的, 產卵於一批中。 (參考文獻 30291) 卵與仔魚是大洋性的。 (參考文獻 30291) 在市場上冷凍銷售而且清蒸., 油炸., 火烤., 煮沸., 微波.而且燒烤.。 (參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawning occurs about 10 to 12 times at intervals of about 4 days during the breeding season (Ref. 58433).Circumglobal ，除了東北太平洋與地中海.(參考文獻 9833) 西大西洋: 緬因灣到墨西哥灣.(參考文獻 6743) 東大西洋: 外海的歐洲西南方與加納利群島 (參考文獻 7413) 到南非.(參考文獻 4179) 印度-太平洋: 東非 (包括 Saya de Malha 岸堤, 參考文獻 33390) 至日本，夏威夷，澳洲與紐西蘭.(參考文獻 5755) 在西太平洋的有限的數目紀錄在 200 公尺之下無疑地是限制魚撈的結果。 (參考文獻 9833) 東太平洋: 智利.(參考文獻 27363)
Maul, G.E., 1990. Berycidae. p. 626. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7413)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.6 - 12.9, mean 9.2 °C (based on 569 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6260 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01153 - 0.01986), b=3.05 (2.97 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 7.5 (6.2 - 8.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 15
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.10-0.18; tm=5-7.5; tmax=23; Fec = 270,000).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.49, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.7 [9.0, 106.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.746 [0.364, 1.431] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.7, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.472 [0.193, 1.101] g/100g; Selenium = 52.9 [26.3, 104.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.8 [9.1, 86.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.553 [0.382, 0.825] mg/100g (wet weight);
