分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays)
鰩目 (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
鰩科 (Skates)
Etymology: Rostroraja: Latin, rostrum = beak + Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 183 m (Ref. 117734), usually 15 - 110 m (Ref. 37039). 亞熱帶的; 14°C - 28°C (Ref. 26938); 30°N - 18°N, 98°W - 80°W
Western Central Atlantic: Florida, USA and the Gulf of Mexico.
中西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與墨西哥灣。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 53.7, range 48 - 56 cm
Max length : 53.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); 最大年齡: 9 年 (Ref. 117734)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Disk diamond-shaped; round dark spot surrounded by pale ring on base of each pectoral fin. (Ref. 26938). No small pale or dark spots on upper surface of disk, but sometimes dark blotches. No scapular spines, 1 middorsal row of spines. Distance from ocellus to eye usually less than or about equal to distance between ocelli. Snout with a clear area on each side (Ref. 7251). Upper surface rich chocolate or coffee brown, translucent on either side fo rostral cartilage. Lower surface plain white (Ref. 6902).
體盤鑽石形的; 深色圓斑在每個胸鰭的基底上被灰白的環包圍了。 (參考文獻 26938). 沒有小的灰白或在體盤的上表皮上的深色斑點, 但是有時黑色斑塊。 沒有肩胛棘， 1 背面中央棘的列。 來自眼狀斑到眼睛的距離通常少於或大約等於假眼斑之間的距離。 在兩邊上吻部有一個清澈的區域。 (參考文獻 7251) 上表皮深褐色或褐色, 半透明的在任一側邊 fo 嘴的軟骨組織上。 下表面全白色.(參考文獻 6902)
Occur from near shore to 183 m depth at temperatures ranging from 14 to 28° C but it is most common inshore of 91 m at 16-25°C. Young occur in shallow bays. Adults tend to live offshore (Ref. 26938). Adults feed mainly on decapod crustaceans and to a lesser extent on other benthic invertebrates and fishes. Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 6.3 cm long and 3.8 cm wide (Ref. 41359).
出現自對 183個公尺深溫度範圍從的海岸附近 14 到 28個 ° C ，但是它在 16-25個 ° C. 是 91 公尺的最常見沿海地區 幼魚出現在淺灣。 成魚傾向生活於外海。 (參考文獻 26938) 主要捕食十足目的甲殼動物與少部分的其他底棲的無脊椎動物與魚類。 卵生的。 明顯的成對出現。 幼魚可能傾向跟隨大的個體, 例如他們的母親.(參考文獻 205) 卵為長方形鞘囊具有僵硬的觸角沈積在沙灘或泥灘的角落.(參考文獻 205) 卵鞘是 6.3 公分長與 3.8 公分寬的.(參考文獻 41359)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. oung may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).中西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與墨西哥灣。
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.2 - 27.5, mean 24.9 °C (based on 230 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00269 (0.00124 - 0.00582), b=3.26 (3.09 - 3.43), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (k = 0.29; tmax = 9; tm = 5; Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
