分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 2 - 18 m (Ref. 1183). 亞熱帶的; 39°N - 9°N, 98°W - 59°W
Western Atlantic: Maryland to northeastern Florida in the USA and throughout Gulf of Mexico. Reported from Campeche Bank in Mexico (Ref. 5733). Often misidentified as Cynoscion regalis (Ref. 3702).
西大西洋: 到在美國的佛羅里達東北方的馬里蘭與在墨西哥灣各處。 記錄來自在墨西哥的 Campeche 堤岸了。 (參考文獻 5733) 時常被誤鑑成 Cynoscion regalis 。 (參考文獻 3702)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 15.8, range 14 - 17 cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大年齡: 1.20 年 (Ref. 31629)
背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 26-31; 臀棘 2; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 11; 脊椎骨: 27. Colour greyish above and changing abruptly to silvery below. Back and upper sides sometimes with very faint irregular rows of spots. Dorsal fin dusky, other fins pale to yellowish. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Lower jaw with a row of sharp enlarged inner-row teeth, widely spaced. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of straight, horn-like anterior appendages. Soft portion of dorsal fin covered with small scales on basal half of in (Ref 51721).
顏色略灰色的上方而且突然地改變到下面銀色的。 背面與上側面有時有非常模糊的不規則的斑點列。 背鰭暗色又其他的鰭灰白的到淡黃色的。 嘴大的, 斜的, 下頜突出的。 在頂端上頜有一對大的像犬齒一樣的齒。 下頜有一列銳利的增大內部-列齒, 空隙大的。 沒有觸鬚或孔的下巴。 吻部有 2個邊緣的孔。 氣鰾有一對直線，像觸角一樣的前肢。 背鰭的柔軟部位覆蓋著小鱗片了基部之上一半的在 (參考文獻 51721).
Occurs usually over sandy bottoms in inshore waters along beaches and in river mouths. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes.
沿著海灘在近岸水域通常生活在砂質底部之上與在河口中。 主要吃甲殼動物和魚類。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 到在美國的佛羅里達東北方的馬里蘭與在墨西哥灣各處。 記錄來自在墨西哥的 Campeche 堤岸了。 (參考文獻 5733) 時常被誤鑑成 Cynoscion regalis 。 (參考文獻 3702)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 26.8 °C (based on 492 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00776 - 0.01949), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 88.6 [49.6, 178.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.932 [0.487, 1.800] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.33 [0.18, 0.55] g/100g; Selenium = 16 [8, 33] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.9 [5.9, 62.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.905 [0.638, 1.335] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
