分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 10 - 50 m (Ref. 9626), usually ? - 25 m (Ref. 9626). 熱帶; 14°N - 27°S, 83°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Panama to Santos, Brazil. Also reported in Nicaragua (Ref. 13613).
西大西洋: 巴拿馬到巴西的桑托斯。 也在尼加拉瓜報告。 (參考文獻 13613)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.8 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9626); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大体重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 20-24; 臀棘 2; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 10. Silvery bluish on back, often with greenish reflections. Whitish on belly. Upper sides sometimes with inconspicuous minute dark dots. Soft portion of dorsal fin and caudal fin edged with black, pelvic and anal fins yellowish. Inside of opercle dark, visible externally. Mouth large, pointed, lower jaw projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-teeth at tip. Chin without barbel or obvious pores. Snout with 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of curved, horn-like anterior appendages. Scales small, all cycloid (smooth). Soft dorsal-fin base with 1 or 2 rows of scales along its base (Ref 51721).
银色的蓝色背面, 时常有呈绿色的反光。 微白色的在腹面上。 上侧面有时有不明显的细小深色的点。 背鳍的柔软部位与尾鳍有黑色，腹鳍与臀鳍边缘了淡黄色的。 在鳃盖之内深色的, 看得见的外部地。 嘴大的﹐尖的, 下颌突出的。 在顶端上颌有一对大獠牙。 没有触须或明显的孔的下巴。 吻部有 2个边缘的孔。 气鳔有一对弯曲的, 像触角一样的前肢。 鳞片小的, 所有的圆形.(平滑的) 软的背鳍基底用 1 或 2 列的鳞片沿着它的基底 (参考文献 51721) 。
Found over mud and sand bottoms in river estuaries. Occurs up to 50 m but usually less than 25 m (Ref. 9626). Marketed fresh and salted.
在河口中发现在泥与沙底部上到大约 25 公尺深。 在市场上销售生鲜地了与盐腌的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 巴拿馬到巴西的桑托斯。 也在尼加拉瓜報告。 (參考文獻 13613)
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
更多信息
俗名同种异名新陈代谢捕食者生态毒物学繁殖成熟度产卵场产卵群集孕卵数卵卵的发育
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.8 - 27.9, mean 27.3 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00509 - 0.01238), b=3.07 (2.95 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 93.2 [57.6, 183.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.965 [0.503, 1.639] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.7, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.195 [0.107, 0.317] g/100g; Selenium = 64.8 [36.2, 121.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.7 [4.4, 26.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.86, 1.67] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
