分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Ctenosciaena: Greek, kteis, ktenos = comb + Greek, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 10 - 130 m (Ref. 9626), usually 10 - 80 m (Ref. 3702). 熱帶; 13°N - 34°S, 77°W - 38°W
Western Atlantic: Nicaragua along the Caribbean coast and Atlantic coasts of South America to southern Brazil.
西大西洋: 尼加拉瓜沿著加勒比海的海岸與南美洲到巴西南部的大西洋海岸。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9626); common length : 16.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大體重: 77.20 g (Ref. 118626)
背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 21-24; 臀棘 2; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 8. Body silvery, grey on back and white on belly. Inside of opercle lining black, appearing as a dark triangular blotch externally. Base of pectoral fin and axil with a dark spot. Upper half of spinous dorsal fin dusky. Other fins pale. Mouth moderately large, slightly inferior. Tip of chin with a pointed flexible barbel. Gas bladder carrot-shaped, without appendages. Sagitta (large earstone) thick and ovoid, lapillus (small earstone) rudimentary (Ref 51721).
在腹面上的身體銀色又灰色的背面與白色。 在鰓蓋襯裡黑色之內, 外部地呈現一個黑的三角形的斑塊。 胸鰭基底與葉腋具有一個深色斑點。 刺狀背鰭的上半部暗色的。 其他的鰭灰白的。 嘴普通大的, 些微下方。 下巴的頂端具有一個尖的柔韌有彈性的觸鬚。 氣鰾胡蘿蔔-形狀的, 沒有附肢。 矢耳石 (大的 earstone) 厚與卵形的, 微石 (小的 earstone) 不發達的 (參考文獻 51721).
Inhabits coastal waters, usually over sandy mud bottoms (Ref. 3702). Feeds mainly on shrimps (Ref. 3702). Important food fish.
棲息於沿岸水域, 通常在沙泥底上面.(參考文獻 3702) 主要吃蝦。 (參考文獻 3702) 重要的食用魚。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 尼加拉瓜沿著加勒比海的海岸與南美洲到巴西南部的大西洋海岸。
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.1 - 27.8, mean 26.1 °C (based on 290 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00776 - 0.00934), b=3.08 (3.06 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 175 [98, 350] mg/100g; Iron = 1.08 [0.56, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.5, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.267 [0.136, 0.465] g/100g; Selenium = 49.7 [24.9, 98.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.7 [12.5, 133.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.28 [0.89, 1.87] mg/100g (wet weight);
