分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues)
骨舌魚目 (Bony tongues) >
Mormyridae (Elephantfishes)
象鼻魚科 (Elephantfishes)
Etymology: Gnathonemus: Greek, gnathos = jaw + Greek, nema = filament (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Hilgendorf.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 10608); 深度上下限 27 - 45 m (Ref. 9606). 熱帶
Africa: Victoria Nile (Ref. 1880), Lake Kyoga (Ref. 4903), Lake Victoria basin (Ref. 34290), Middle Akagera River system (Ref. 46152), Malagarazi River (Ref. 54847, 98755), Lake Tanganyika (Ref. 45485).
非洲: 維多利亞湖，坦噶尼喀湖, 維多利亞尼羅河 (Zambeze?)。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 10 - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 52331)
In Lake Kyoga abundant among or near water lilies (Ref. 49805) and in Lake Victoria it occurs in shallow, inshore waters over sandy and rocky shores (Ref. 4903, 97924), seasonally over muddy bottoms adjacent to papyrus swamps or deep water near rocky islands (Ref. 9606, 97924). Feeds on bottom and in marginal vegetation; insectivorous (chironomid larvae, Povilla, Odonata larvae), but arthropods, oligochaetes and fish eggs are also eaten (Ref. 12526). Uses sensitive pointed addition to chin for testing holes in mud, papyrus roots and between stones to locate underwater insects (Ref. 36900). Rotates body to almost vertical position, searches substrate and grabs prey into mouth; produces weak electric organ discharge for navigation and to warn off other organisms (Ref. 97924). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Breeds twice a year during the rainy seasons, and migrates up rivers to spawn (Ref. 10608).
出現於在沙質與岩石底部上的沿岸淺水區水域,出現季節性地在泥沙底上面鄰近廣泛的紙草沼澤。 在岩石的島附近, 也發現於深水域。 吃大的 libellulid 蛹與其他的大獵物。 (參考文獻 9606) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 在河上面迴游產卵.(參考文獻 10608)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
非洲: 維多利亞湖，坦噶尼喀湖, 維多利亞尼羅河 (Zambeze?)。
Gosse, J.-P., 1984. Mormyridae. p. 63-122. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3203)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 December 2015
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00612 - 0.02839), b=2.85 (2.67 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec = 502).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
