分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Orcynopsis: Greek, orkynos, -ou = a kind of tunna + Greek, opsis = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 4 - ? m (Ref. 122150). 亞熱帶的; 60°N - 13°S, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Oslo, Norway south to Dakar, Senegal but the range is centered in the southern Mediterranean Sea. Not known from Madeira, the Canary Islands or Cape Verde.
東大西洋: 奧斯陸, 挪威南至達喀爾, 塞內加爾但是範圍在地中海南部被集中。 已知不來自馬得拉群島，加納利群島或維德角。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 75.0, range 70 - 80 cm
Max length : 130 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 168); common length : 90.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 168); 最大体重: 13.1 kg (Ref. 168)
背棘 (总数): 12 - 14; 背的软条 (总数): 12-15; 臀鳍软条: 14 - 16. Mouth rather large, upper jaw reaching to hind margin of eye. Laminae of olfactory rosette 25 to 28. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Body naked behind the well developed corselet. Swim bladder absent. Vertebrae 17 or 18 precaudal plus 19 to 21 caudal, total 37 to 39. Anterior three quarters of first dorsal fin black.
嘴相当大, 上颌延伸到眼的后缘。 嗅觉毛簇的叶片 25 到 28. 腹鳍间的突起小而两裂的。 身体裸露的在后发展良好的甲胄。 泳鳔不存在。 脊椎骨 17 或 18 尾前椎加上 19 到 21 尾部的, 总计 37 到 39. 前面的第一背鳍黑色中的四分之三。
Adults are neritic, confined primarily to temperate waters, but juveniles may be encountered in waters of up to 30°C. Form small schools at the surface so that the first dorsal fin stands out of the water like that of sharks, also frequently associated with birds. Feed on small fishes, especially sardines, anchovies, jacks, mackerel, bogue and others. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Marketed canned or frozen.
浅海的种主要局限于温带的水域了，但是稚鱼在向上到的水域 30个 ° C. 可能见到 形成小群鱼群在水表面，所以第一背鳍竖立在水外面像鲨鱼一样, 也时常伴随着鸟。 吃小鱼, 尤其沙丁鱼， 鱼，鰺科鱼类，鲭, 沼泽与其它。 在市场上销售罐装的或冷冻的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
A female weighing 5 or 6 kg may carry some 500 to 600,000 eggs which are spawned in portions.東大西洋: 奧斯陸, 挪威南至達喀爾, 塞內加爾但是範圍在地中海南部被集中。 已知不來自馬得拉群島，加納利群島或維德角。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.5 - 23.5, mean 16.3 °C (based on 264 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00464 - 0.01966), b=3.05 (2.88 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm<=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33 [17, 60] mg/100g; Iron = 1.32 [0.80, 2.24] mg/100g; Protein = 22.1 [21.0, 23.2] %; Omega3 = 0.458 [0.296, 0.716] g/100g; Selenium = 31.6 [18.4, 54.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.5 [4.3, 39.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.53 [0.39, 0.75] mg/100g (wet weight);
