Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 15 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 32°N - 33°S
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (USA), and Honduras to southern Brazil.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4690)
Short description
Morphology | Morphometrics
Inhabits seagrass beds, grassy bays and channels. Moves only when disturbed. Wounds inflicted are extremely painful, but not fatal.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 125652)
Human uses
More information
Age/SizeGrowthLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesMorphometricsMorphologyLarvaeLarval dynamicsRecruitmentAbundanceBRUVS
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingNutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 25.5 - 28.2, mean 27.4 °C (based on 638 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00629 - 0.02763), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-BS (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100) .
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): (0 of 100) .
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 57.3 [29.9, 137.7] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.551 [0.287, 0.998] mg/100g ; Protein = 18.6 [16.9, 20.1] % ; Omega3 = 0.206 [0.099, 0.548] g/100g ; Selenium = 35.9 [18.4, 78.2] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 129 [47, 344] μg/100g ; Zinc = 1.25 [0.85, 1.79] mg/100g (wet weight);