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Larvae Information Summary for  Spondyliosoma cantharus
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Main Ref: Russell, F.S. 1976
Yolk-sac larvae
  max min mod Ref.
Length at birth (mm)     2  
Preanal L. % TL 37.3 33.9 36.4  
Place of development planktonic
Larval area to be filled
Yolk-sac     pigmented Ref:  
Yolk unsegmented Oil globules one oil globuleposteriorventralpigmented
Rows on tail ventral row
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Some melanophores on the head and 1 row of them on the rectum.
Post larvae
Striking feature none
Striking shape lateral normal (not striking) dorsal normal (not striking)
Striking feature none
Shape of gut triangular
Gas bladder   early pigmented late pigmented
Spinal armature   early opercular spines only late opercular spines only
Pigmentation early
Rows on tail ventral row
Other melanophores on tail tail partly covered with melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Pigmentation late
Rows on tail dorsal + ventral row
Other melanophores on tail tail partly covered with melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Urostyle region   early pigmented late unpigmented
Peritoneum covered with melanophores
Pectorals normal  
Pelvics normal (i.e. small or absent)  
Small preopercular spines at 5.0 mm. Melanophore at lower jaw angle, in shoulder region, and medio-lateral postanal and ventro-lateral ones. In larvae: internal row of pigments on each side of notochord. Spot at cleithrum.
  L 1st feeding Ref. Months of presence of larvae
max     Jan Feb Mar Apr
min   May Jun Jul Aug
mod 4   Sep Oct Nov Dec
Water parameters     Metric characters
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